Leptonia

Violet Zärtling ( Entoloma euchroum )

Entoloma subg. Leptonia, also called Zärtlinge, is a sub-species of the genus Rötlinge, which is divided into four sections: Cyanula, Griseorubida, Leptonia and Rhamphocystotae as well as several sub- sections and Stirpse.

The type species is the Violet Zärtling ( Entoloma euchroum ).

  • 2.2.1 Under section Griseorubida
  • 2.2.2 Sub- section parvispora
  • 3.1 Literature
  • 3.2 Notes and references

Features

The subgenus Leptonia consists of species with rüblings, rare helmet astride and nabelingsartigen fruiting bodies. The hat is not structured clearly hygrophanous and fibrous, tomentose or scaly as a rule. The Hutdeckschicht ( Pileipellis ) is at least in the center of a Trichoderma, Hymeniderm or a transition between two species. At the edge of the building is a cutis of underlying fungal threads ( hyphae ) or a transition between a cutis and a Trichoderma. The pigment is mostly intracellular, rarely also inkrustierend. Buckles on the cross walls ( septa ) of the hyphae are either present or absent.

System

Section Cyanula

This section includes the "classical" Leptonien with predominantly joyfully colored fruiting bodies on nutrient-poor grasslands, which are sometimes associated with juice Lingen. The group is species-rich and the individual taxa are sometimes difficult to distinguish from each other. A successful determination often requires a collection of beautiful, fresh specimens. Particular attention should be paid to any color changes. An important microscopic feature within this section is the presence of numerous refractive granules in the hyphae of the trama. These designated by Romagnesi as " granules brilliant " grains sometimes hinder a close examination of Tramastruktur. The section is divided into several Cyanula Stirpse.

Stirps Anatinum

Characteristic of the fruit bodies of this group are brown, gray, red - brown or blackish - brown hats, which also at an early stage, no blue or purple tones. A translucent grooving is either missing or is limited to the periphery. The hat surface shows a completely felted, scaly or saving tier structure. The bark of gray-blue, blue or violet colored stem is designed fibrous to scaly.

  • Duck Zärtling - Entoloma anatinum ( Lasch 1829: Fries 1832) Donk 1949
  • Mattstieliger Zärtling - Entoloma coeruleoflocculosum Noordeloos 1985
  • Graulilastieliger Zärtling - Entoloma griseocyaneum (Fries 1818 Fries 1821) P. Kummer 1871
  • Grobschuppiger Zärtling - Entoloma scabrosum (Fries 1838) Noordeloos 1985 Entoloma scabrosum var microsporum E. Ludwig & Noordeloos 2007

Stirps Asprellum

Typical of this group are fruiting bodies with a yellow- brown, brown, reddish or grayish brown hat with no blue or violet tones. The hat is clearly translucent striate, even in young stages. The polished stem shows a blue, violet or steel blue color.

  • Entoloma allospermum Noordeloos 1985
  • Stahlblaustieliger Zärtling - Entoloma asprellum (Fries 1821 Fries 1821) Fayod 1889
  • Sparrow - Zärtling - Entoloma broesarpensis E. Ludwig & Noordeloos 2004
  • Orange Brown Zärtling - Entoloma fulvoviolaceum Noordeloos & Vauras 2004
  • Buntstieliger Zärtling - Entoloma glaucobasis Noordeloos 1985
  • Reddish Gray Zärtling - Entoloma huijsmanii Noordeloos 1984
  • Pungent Zärtling - Entoloma lepiotosme ( Romagnesi 1954) Noordeloos 1982
  • Graublaustieliger Zärtling - Entoloma lividocyanulum Noordeloos 1984 Entoloma lividocyanulum var lilacinum E. Ludwig 2007
  • Entoloma mutabilipes f acystidiatum E. Ludwig 2007
  • Kleinsporiger gray stem Zärtling - Entoloma political opus var alpigenum (J. Favre 1955) Bon 1989
  • Entoloma political opus var discolor Noordeloos 1985
  • Entoloma political opus var parvisporigerum Noordeloos 1985

Stirps Chalybaeum

The Stirps Chalybaeum contains species with fruiting bodies, their hat and handle have a blue or violet color. Young fins are blue, then tinted pink.

  • Blaublättriger Zärtling - Entoloma chalybaeum (Fries 1818 Fries 1821) Noordeloos 1982 Entoloma chalybaeum var lazulinum (Fries 1838) Noordeloos 1984

Stirps Corvinum

In Stirps Corvinum species are grouped with fruit bodies whose pileus and stipe are blue or violet colored. The hat is not usually translucent grooving and has a more or less completely felted, fibrous- flaky or scaly sparrig - surface. Young fins are white. The handle is polished or fibrous, but never scaly.

  • Großsporiger Zärtling - Entoloma aethiops ( Scopoli 1770) Hesler 1967
  • Entoloma alvarense Noordeloos & Vauras
  • Entoloma armoricanum Hériveau & Courtecuisse 1995
  • Black Blue Anthias Fish - Entoloma atrocoeruleum Noordeloos 1987
  • Multi-colored Anthias Fish - Entoloma caeruleum (PD Orton 1960) Noordeloos 1982
  • Entoloma chalybescens Woelfel & Noordeloos 2001
  • Raven Black Zärtling - Entoloma corvinum ( Kuhner 1954) Noordeloos 1982
  • Sepia Black Zärtling - Entoloma melanochroum Noordeloos 1987
  • Slate Gray Zärtling - Entoloma mougeotii (Fries 1873) Hesler 1967 Entoloma mougeotii var fuscomarginatum Noordeloos 1987

Stirps Cyanulum

In Stirps Cyanulum there are species with fruiting bodies that have a blue hat and stick. The hat is usually grooved from edge to center translucent and filled in the center with narrow scales, otherwise structured fibrous until smooth. The blades are either sterile or fertile cutting.

  • Blue Striped Zärtling - Entoloma caesiellum Noordeloos & Woelfel 1995
  • Bluish dwarf Zärtling - Entoloma cyanulum ( Lasch 1829: Fries 1832) Noordeloos 1984 Entoloma cyanulum var roseolum Noordeloos & Sullock - Enzlin 2004

Stirps Exile

The fruiting bodies of this group have pale greyish, yellowish or nearly white hat colors, often with fairly clearly delimited center or young completely dark in color. The first whitish fins are colored light pink later. The polished stem shows a blue-gray or steel gray, sometimes greenish or blue - green color, but never pale green or yellow- green colors.

  • Olivstieliger Zärtling - Entoloma chloropolium (Fries 1863) MM Moser 1980 Entoloma chloropolium f aberrans E. Ludwig 2007
  • Entoloma exile var fertile Noordeloos, Woelfel & Hausknecht 1995
  • Entoloma exile var pyrospilum (PD Orton 1960) Noordeloos 1985

Stirps formosum

Typically in Stirps formosum are fruiting bodies, their hat and handle are yellow, gel - brown or red- brown in color. The stem is polished.

  • Rosthütiger Zärtling - Entoloma formosum (Fries 1821 Fries 1821) Noordeloos 1985
  • Red-brown peat Anthias Fish - Entoloma sphagnorum ( Romagnesi & J. Favre 1938) Bon & Courtecuisse 1987
  • Gold stem Zärtling - Entoloma xanthochroum (PD Orton 1964) Noordeloos 1985

Stirps Griseoviridulum

In Stirps Griseoviridulum are species whose fruiting bodies with a blue- green stalk with a fibrous surface. The fins are cut as in Stirps serrulatum sterile, but have no pigmentation.

  • Entoloma griseoviridulum Courtecuisse 1993

Stirps Ianthinomeleagris

The fruiting bodies of this group have clearly fibrous radial- striped hats with rows of tiny scales on gray violet- brown background. Cheilocystidia missing or interspersed between the basidia.

  • Guinea Fowl Zärtling - Entoloma ianthinomeleagris Courtecuisse 1993

Stirps incanum

The Stirps incanum comprises species with fruiting bodies, which have yellow stalk and often the hat to olivliche shades. Striking feature is the blue- green discoloring at crushing meat, especially in the stem.

  • Brown Green Zärtling - Entoloma incanum (Fries 1821 Fries 1821) Hesler 1967

Stirps Leochromus

The Stirps Leochromus contains species with yellowish- gray fruit bodies whose hat is ribbed neither hygrophanous still translucent.

  • Lion Colored Anthias Fish - Entoloma leochromus Noordeloos & Liiv 1992 Entoloma leochromus var obscurum Noordeloos & Prüfert 2004

Stirps Ochromicaceum

  • Ockerglimmeriger Zärtling - Entoloma ochromicaceum Noordeloos & Liiv 1992
  • Entoloma odoratum Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2002
  • Entoloma rose mariae Woelfel & Noordeloos 2001

Stirps Porphyrofibrillum

Striking at the fruiting bodies of this group are porphyry -colored caps and stems with a fibrous- scaly surface.

  • Porphyrfaseriger Anthias Fish - Entoloma porphyrofibrillum Noordeloos 1984

Stirps Prunicolor

The Stirps Prunicolor includes species with fruiting bodies whose hat is colored dark gray - violet with a crimson center. The cutting edges are colored like the lamellae surfaces.

  • Plum Colored Zärtling - Entoloma prunicolor Örstadius & A. Rydberg 2004

Stirps Queletii

The Stirps Queletii includes fruiting bodies with ocher- colored hat. Young and fresh specimens often have purplish- pink tones. Cheilocystidia are available.

  • Goldschuppiger Zärtling - Entoloma kervernii ( De Guernisac 1876) MM Moser 1978
  • Pink Fuzzy Zärtling - Entoloma queletii ( Boudier 1877) Noordeloos 1983

Stirps Roseotinctum

In Stirps Ursulae species are grouped with fruit bodies whose hat is colored greyish pink and has no grooving. The stem is gray and polished.

  • Pink tinged Zärtling - Entoloma roseotinctum Noordeloos & Liiv 1992

Stirps roseum

The Stirps roseum contains species with fruiting bodies, whose hat and sometimes stalk have a pink color. The hat is ribbed translucent and the stem shows a polished surface.

  • Violet -colored Zärtling - Entoloma ianthinum ( Romagnesi & J. Favre 1938) Noordeloos 1982
  • Reinwalds Anthias Fish - Entoloma reinwaldii Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2000
  • Pink Zärtling - Entoloma roseum ( Longyear 1902) Hesler 1967 Amethyst Anthias Fish - Entoloma roseum var catalaunicum (Singer 1936) E. Ludwig 2007

Stirps Rufocarneum

In Stirps Rufocarneum fruiting bodies with red, ungeriefen hat and red, polished stem are organized. Zystiden to the blades cutting missing.

  • Brick Red Zärtling - Entoloma rufocarneum (Berkeley 1836) Noordeloos 1985

Stirps Sarcitulum

The Stirps Sarcitulum includes fruiting body with gloomy yellow, yellowish - gray or yellowish - brown hat and stick, but they are never dyed so happy as for example in Stirps formosum. The hat is weak hygrophanous usually translucent and striate, the stem polished.

  • Dashing Black Zärtling - Entoloma atromarginatum ( Romagnesi & J. Favre 1938) Zschieschang 1984
  • Entoloma caliginosum ( Romagnesi & J. Favre 1938) Bon & Courtecuisse 1987
  • Yellow Brown Zärtling - Entoloma longistriatum ( Peck 1911) Noordeloos 1988 Entoloma longistriatum var microsporum ( Noordeloos 1985) Noordeloos 1988
  • Entoloma longistriatum var sarcitulum (PD Orton 1960) Noordeloos 1988

Stirps Scabropellis

Characteristic of the Stirps Scabropellis are fruiting bodies with a fine-to sparrig scaly hat surface, which consists of gray - brown scales on much paler ground. The stem is befasert strong whitish. The blades cutting are fertile - cheilocystidia missing.

  • Chapped Zärtling - Entoloma scabropellis Noordeloos 1984

Stirps serrulatum

The species of this Stirps form in the subgenus Leptonia due to the special structure fins cutting a good knowable group. Along the edge runs a strand of sterile hyphae, which flows often interlinked end cells in dense clusters. The end cells are inflated and usually filled with a blue, brown or black, intracellular pigment. There are some species of this group, which are mainly separated from each other by the color of the fruit body. The Stirps serrulatum may be an interesting group to explore with molecular methods specific limits.

  • Entoloma brunneoserrulatum Eyssartier & Noordeloos 2002
  • Blue Lined Zärtling - Entoloma caesiocinctum ( Kuhner 1954) Noordeloos 1982
  • Entoloma callirhodon Hausknecht & Noordeloos 1999
  • Meat Gray Anthias Fish - Entoloma carneogriseum (Berkeley & Broome 1865) Noordeloos 1987
  • Entoloma gomerense Woelfel & Noordeloos 2001
  • Entoloma linkii (Fries 1818 Fries 1821) Noordeloos 1982
  • Blue Green Zärtling - Entoloma querquedula ( Romagnesi 1954) Noordeloos 1982
  • Gesägtblättriger Zärtling - Entoloma serrulatum (Fries 1818 Fries 1821) Hesler 1967 Entoloma serrulatum f nigrovenosum Courtecuisse 1993

Stirps Turci

Characteristic of the Stirps Turci are fruiting bodies with pretty dark brown hat and stick, and usually gray or red tones, but always without joyful colors. The hat is not hygrophanous, not or only slightly translucent striate and has at least at a young age is a very fine felt-like or scaly surface. The polished or finely fibrous stalk has a gray - brown or yellow- gray color.

  • Scaly umbilical Anthias Fish - Entoloma pseudoturci Noordeloos 1984
  • Rötender Zärtling - Entoloma turci ( Bresadola 1884) MM Moser 1978

Stirps Ursulae

In Stirps Roseotinctum there are species with fruiting bodies whose hat have violettlich - blue scales on pink background. The blades are cutting violettlich - colored pink and the stalk steel blue. The whitish befaserte stem verkahlt aged and looks polished out.

Schönstieliger Zärtling - Entoloma ursulae Noordeloos, Woelfel & A. Hausknecht 1995

Section Griseorubida

The species of section Griseorubida show fruiting bodies whose Hutdeckschicht consist of a cutis with transition to a Trichoderma from inflated elements. The pigment is intracellular. Cheilocystidia are often present and voluminous. There are two sub- sections: Griseorubida with about 10 microns long spurs and sometimes spindle-shaped or bottle-shaped cheilocystidia and Parvisporae with less than 10 microns long spores and - if available - mostly clavate to spherical cheilocystidia.

Under section Griseorubida

  • Entoloma calaminare Noordeloos 1984
  • Colorful Striped Zärtling - Entoloma cocles (Fries 1838) Noordeloos 1981
  • Grey Yellow Zärtling - Entoloma griseoxanthopus Courtecuisse 1993
  • Olivhütiger Zärtling - Entoloma indutoides (PD Orton 1960) Noordeloos 1984 Grey Red Zärtling - Entoloma indutoides var griseorubidum ( Kuhner 1953 ex Noordeloos 1984) Noordeloos, Woelfel & A. Hausknecht 1995 Entoloma indutoides f anserolens ( Eyssartier & Hermitte 2003) Noordeloos 2004

Under section parvispora

  • Rancid Zärtling - Entoloma farinasprinellum Arnolds 1983
  • Entoloma moguntinum Noordeloos & Prüfert 2004
  • Olive- Zärtling - Entoloma olivaceotinctum Noordeloos 1985
  • Entoloma riofriense Esteve - Raventós & Noordeloos 2004
  • Graublättriger Glöckling - Entoloma sordidolamellatum Noordeloos & Enderle 1995
  • Dattelbrauner Zärtling - Entoloma weholtii Noordeloos 1987 Yellow Shiny Zärtling - Entoloma weholtii var politoflavipes ( Noordeloos & Liiv 1992) E. Ludwig 2007

Section Leptonia

Characteristic of the section Leptonia are fruiting body with a hat skin, which consists of a cutis with transitions to a Trichoderma. It is constructed of long, septate hyphae with inflated terminal cells. The stem often has a fibrous to scaly surface. The hyphal septa have buckles.

  • Lilastieliger Zärtling - Entoloma allochroum Noordeloos 1982
  • Alder Zärtling - Entoloma alnetorum Monthoux & Röllin 1988
  • Fragrant Zärtling - Entoloma austriacum Courtecuisse 1993
  • Dry grassland Anthias Fish - Entoloma beyeri Noordeloos & Woelfel 1995
  • Zystidenloser blue stem Zärtling - Entoloma callichroum Horak & Noordeloos 1983
  • Violettschuppiger Anthias Fish - Entoloma cedretorum ( Romagnesi & Riousset 1976) Noordeloos 1982
  • Entoloma chytrophilum Woelfel, Noordeloos & Dähncke 2001
  • Sky Blue Anthias Fish - Entoloma coelestinum (Fries 1838) Hesler 1967
  • Two-tone Zärtling - Entoloma dichroum ( Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) P. Kummer 1871 Entoloma dichroum var leptosporum E. Ludwig & Noordeloos 2007
  • Entoloma lampropus var monticola Noordeloos 2004

Section Rhamphocystotae

The section includes Rhamphocystotae fruiting body with buckles on the Hypensepten. Are at the cutting blades to clavate - geschnabelte to spindle-shaped or bottle-shaped cheilocystidia, often with refractive content.

  • Schnabelzystiden - Zärtling - Entoloma rhynchocystidiatum Noordeloos & Liiv 1992
  • Sky Blue Zärtling - Entoloma uranochroum Hausknecht & Noordeloos 1999

Swell

Agaricomycetes Agaricomycetidae Elias Magnus Fries Omphalina
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