Licania

Licania tomentosa as an avenue tree

Licania is a genus within the family of gold plum plants ( Chrysobalanaceae ). Most of the over 210 species are widespread in South America; only twelve species occur in North America, three in Asia and one in Africa. From some species the fruits are eaten and some species are used as ornamental plants.

3.1 Types (selection)

4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance

Within the genus Licania both shrubs and trees occurs reach stature heights of up to 35 meters. A few exceptions, such as Licania dealbata and Licania michauxii are also semi- shrubby.

The alternate arranged leaves are simple and entire.

To distinguish between the types is the lower leaf surface is important. There are essentially five different types here. In most cases, the hair is woolly and covered the entire leaf. In the simplest case, however, the venation is unremarkable and the lower leaf surface glabrous. In the third form, the Blattnervatur is busy with hairs. In the subgenus Licania comes in some species before a brittle hair on the lower leaf surface, which is unique in the family of gold plum plants. In the latter case arising from a pronounced Vein small cubby. The upper leaf surface is occupied mostly in an area around the petiole with glands, only the petiole itself, with the exception of Licania licaniiflora drüsenlos.

In addition, there are three forms of mostly durable stipules. The first type are small, free-standing, pfriemförmige leaflets. Those of the second type put on the side and have the form of a narrow. The last type is intrapetiolar.

Inflorescence, flowers and fruit

The inflorescence is also present in various forms. Most often it consists of a sessile, branched or simple, zymösen grape. Rarely, the cymes of the grape but are also short handle with short-stemmed flowers.

The radial symmetry or slightly zygomorphic flowers are hermaphrodite. An exception is elaeosperma the only African species Licania whose flowers are unisexual. The most cup or urn-shaped, hairy on the inside base of the flower measures 1-8 millimeters. Sometimes, however, he is also top-shaped or disk-shaped knee. There are both five sepals and five petals, but the latter may be absent. The number of stamens ranges from three to 40, with the most ungehaarten stamens either on a circle or just sit on one side. The seated near the base of the flower ovary are leaved and unicompartmental. The style is filiform and has three inconspicuous lobes at its peak.

The stone fruits are of 12 by 8 millimeters to 10 by 5 inches tall. The outer skin of the fruit is either hairy tomentose, smooth or warty.

Dissemination

Licania species occur pantropisch. Most Licania species are found in rainforests. Exceptions are, for example Licania michauxii, which even grows on sand dunes in Florida, and Licania arborea occurs in dry forests of Peru to Mexico.

System

The genus Licania in 1775 45aufgestellt by Jean Baptiste Christophe Fusée Aublet in Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise, 1, p 119, table. Type species is Licania incana Aubl .. Synonyms for Licania Aubl. are: .. .. .. . Afrolicania Mildbr, Angelesia Korth, Coccomelia Ridl, Dahuronia Scop, Geobalanus Small, Hedycrea Schreb, Lincania G.Don, Moquilea Aubl, Plegerina BDJacks, Trichocarya Miq .. The botanical genus name is derived Licania by itself conversion from the original Caribbean designation Calignia.

Licania is a genus in the tribe Chrysobalaneae within the family of Chrysobalanaceae. The genus Licania is divided into five subgenera. In the subgenus Licania species have usually under ten stamens, and are common in America. The also occurring in America only species of the genus Moquilea ( Aubl. ) Prance have between ten and twenty stamens. The other three sub-genera contain only a few species. The South American Licania licaniiflora is the only species of the subgenus Parinariopsis Huber. The subgenus Afrolicania elaeosperma the only African species Licania. The Asian species are found in the subgenus Anglesia ( Korth. ) Prance & F.White.

Types (selection)

The genus comprises more than 210 species Licania. Here is a list of species by rating of Kew - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families:

Licania adolphoduckei Prance
Licania affinis Fritsch
Licania alba ( Bernoulli ) Cuatrec.
Licania albiflora Fanshawe & Maguire
Licania amapaensis Prance
Licania angustata Prance
Licania anneae Prance
Licania apetala ( E.Mey. ) Fritsch
Licania apiculata Prance
Licania aracaensis Prance
Licania arachnoidea Fanshawe & Maguire
Licania araneosa Taub.
Licania arborea Seem.
Licania arianeae Prance
Licania bahiensis Prance
Licania belemii Prance
Licania bellingtonii Prance
Licania Belloi Prance
Licania Blackii Prance
Licania boliviensis Prance
Licania boyanii Tutin
Licania bracteata Prance
Licania brittoniana Fritsch
Licania bullata Prance
Licania buxifolia Sandwith
Licania cabrerae Prance
Licania caldasiana Cuatrec.
Licania calvescens Cuatrec.
Licania canescens Benoist
Licania cardiophylla Prance
Licania Cariae Cardozo
Licania caudata Prance
Licania cecidiophora Prance
Licania celiae Prance
Licania chiriquiensis Prance
Licania chocoensis Cuatrec.
Licania cidii Prance
Licania compacta Fritsch
Licania conferruminata Prance
Licania cordata Prance
Licania coriacea Benth.
Licania corniculata Prance
Licania costaricensis Standlschmaus. & Steyerm.
Licania couepiifolia Prance
Licania crassivenia Spruce ex Hook. f
Licania cruegeriana Urb.
Licania cuatrecasasii Prance
Licania cuprea Sandwith
Licania cuspidata ( Rusby ) Prance
Licania cuyabenensis Prance
Licania cyathodes Benoist
Licania cymosa Fritsch
Licania davillifolia Benoist
Licania dealbata Hook. f
Licania densiflora Kleinh.
Licania diegogomezii Prance
Licania discolor Pilg.
Licania divaricata Benth.
Licania dodsonii Prance
Licania durifolia Cuatrec.
Licania egleri Prance
Licania elliptica Standlschmaus.
Licania emarginata Spruce ex Hook. f
Licania espinae Prance
Licania fanshawei Prance
Licania fasciculata Prance
Licania ferreirae Prance
Licania filomenoi Prance
Licania foldatsii Prance
Licania foveolata Prance
Licania fritschii Prance
Licania fuchsii Prance
Licania furfuracea Prance
Licania fusicarpa ( Kosterm. ) Prance
Licania gardneri ( Hook. f ) Fritsch.
Licania gentryi Prance
Licania glabriflora Prance
Licania glauca Cuatrec.
Licania glazioviana hot.
Licania gonzalezii Miranda
Licania gracilipes Taub.
Licania grandibracteata Prance
Licania granvillei Prance
Licania guatemalensis Lundell
Licania guianensis ( Aubl. ) Griseb.
Licania habantha Mart. ex Hook. f
Licania harlingii Prance
Licania hedbergii Prance
Licania heteromorpha Benth.
Licania hirsuta Prance
Licania hispida Prance
Licania hitchcockii Maguire
Licania hoehnei Pilg.
Licania humilis Cham. & Schltdl.
Licania hypoleuca Benth.
Licania imbaimadaiensis Prance
Licania impressa Prance
Licania incana Aubl.
Licania INDURATA Pilg.
Licania intrapetiolaris Spreng. ex Hook. f
Licania irwinii Prance
Licania jaramilloi Prance
Licania jefensis Prance
Licania jimenezii Prance
Licania joseramosii Prance
Licania kallunkiae Prance
Licania klugii Prance
Licania krukovii Standlschmaus.
Licania kunthiana Hook. f
Licania laevigata Prance
Licania lamentanda Prance
Licania lanceolata Prance
Licania Lasseri Maguire
Licania lata J.F.Macbr.
Licania latifolia Benth. ex Hook. f
Licania latistipula Prance
Licania laxiflora Fritsch
Licania leptostachya Benth.
Licania leucosepala Griseb.
Licania licaniiflora ( Sagot ) S.F.Blake
Licania littoralis hot.
Licania longicuspidata Prance
Licania longipedicellata Ducke
Licania longipetala Prance
Licania longistyla ( Hook. f ) Fritsch
Licania macrocarpa Cuatrec.
Licania macrophylla Benth.
Licania maguirei Prance
Licania majuscula Sagot
Licania maranhensis Prance
Licania maritima Prance
Licania marleneae Prance
Licania maxima Prance
Licania megalophylla Prance
Licania membranous Sagot ex Laness.
Licania mexicana Lundell
Licania michauxii Prance
Licania micrantha Miq.
Licania microphylla Fanshawe & Maguire
Licania miltonii Prance
Licania minuscula Cuatrec.
Licania minutiflora ( Sagot ) Fritsch
Licania mollis Benth.
Licania montana Prance
Licania morii Prance
Licania naviculistipula Prance
Licania nelsonii Prance
Licania niloi Prance
Licania nitida Hook. f
Licania oblongifolia Standlschmaus.
Licania obtusifolia Fritsch
Licania occultans Prance
Licania octandra ( Hoffmanns. ex Schult. ) Kuntze
Licania operculipetala Standlschmaus. & L.O.Williams
Licania orbicularis Spruce ex Hook. f
Licania ovalifolia Kleinh.
Licania pakaraimensis Prance
Licania palawanensis Prance
Licania pallida ( Hook. f ) Spruce ex Sagot
Licania paraensis Prance
Licania parviflora Benth.
Licania parvifolia Huber
Licania parvifructa Fanshawe & Maguire
Licania persaudii Fanshawe & Maguire
Licania piresii Prance
Licania pittieri Prance
Licania platypus ( Hemsl. ) Fritsch: The fruits are eaten.
Licania polita Spruce ex Hook. f
Licania prismatocarpa Spruce ex Hook. f
Licania pruinosa Benoist
Licania pyrifolia Griseb.
Licania reticulata Prance
Licania retifolia S.F.Blake
Licania riedelii Prance
Licania rigida Benth.
Licania riverae Prance
Licania robusta Sagot
Licania rodriguesii Prance
Licania roraimensis Standlschmaus.
Licania rufescens Klotzsch ex Fritsch
Licania salicifolia Cuatrec.
Licania salzmannii ( Hook. f ) Fritsch
Licania sandwithii Prance
Licania santosii Prance
Licania savannarum Prance
Licania sclerophylla ( Mart. ex Hook f. ) Fritsch
Licania silvae Prance
Licania sylvatica Glaz. ex Prance
Licania sothersiae Prance
Licania sparsipilis S.F.Blake
Licania spicata Hook. f
Licania splendens ( Korth. ) Prance
Licania sprucei ( Hook. f ) Fritsch.
Licania stevensii Prance
Licania stewardii Prance
Licania steyermarkii Maguire
Licania stricta Kleinh.
Licania subarachnophylla Cuatrec.
Licania subrotundata Maguire
Licania tachirensis Prance
Licania tambopatensis Prance
Licania teixeirae Prance
Licania tepuiensis Prance
Licania ternatensis Hook. f ex Duss
Licania tocantina Prance
Licania tomentosa ( Benth. ) Fritsch.
Licania triandra Mart. ex Hook. f
Licania trigonioides J.F.Macbr.
Licania turbinata Benth.
Licania undulata Prance
Licania unguiculata Prance
Licania urceolaris Hook. f
Licania vasquezii Prance
Licania vaupesiana Killip & Cuatrec.
Licania velata Cuatrec.
Licania velutina Prance
Licania veneralensis Cuatrec.
Licania wurdackii Prance

Swell

Ghillean T. Prance: Flora Neotropica, Volume 009: Supplement: Chrysobalanaceae, 1989, p 74-75
Ghillean T. Prance: Chrysobalanaceae In: Rodrigo Bernal, Enrique Forero (ed.): Flora de Colombia, Volume 19, 2001, pp. 111-124
Ghillean T. Prance & F. White: The Genera of Chrysobalanaceae: A Study in Practical and Theoretical Taxonomy and Its Relevance to Evolutionary Biology, In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, vol 320, no. 1197, 1988, pp. 1-184. Abstract online.
Ghillean T. Prance & Cynthia A. Sothers: Chrysobalanaceae 1 & 2, In: Species Plantarum: Flora of the World, 9, 10, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 2003, pp. 1-319 and 1-268 p.

Rosids Ovary (botany) Drupe

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