Lifeboat (shipboard)
A rescue boat is the most important collective life-saving appliances on ships. It can be left quickly via a special launching appliance to water. Lifeboats are equipped with facilities and equipment that provide protection to the unfortunate crews and passengers of ships and ensure their survival until help arrives. Among the collective life-saving appliances include life-rafts. Buoy be counted among the individual life-saving equipment.
On board of ships lifeboats to be carried in sufficient numbers in the optimum case. In a shipwreck or other for the people on board life-threatening situations, this should be able to withdraw into the lifeboats and leave the danger zone. Since the first SOLAS Convention as a result of the sinking of the Titanic rules and recommendations for the number, size and equipment of lifeboats on board ships of merchant shipping were erected.
Equipment
In a lifeboat prescribed by the International Maritime Organization IMO objects for locomotion, for Bemerkbarmachen and for the protection and survival of the occupants must be present. These include tools for advancing the lifeboat, floating belt, spare belt and control devices such as rudder and tiller, a sail (open boats ), scepter ( rowlocks ), a boat hook, a bailer, two Pützen ( bucket ), Kappbeile, a storm lantern with oil, watertight packet matches, a compass, a sea anchor, safety and suspension lines, an oil tank, distress food, drinking water container with the specified lot of content, scooping and drinking cups, parachute rockets, floating orange smoke signals, a first- aid kit, a flashlight, a day signal mirror, knife with can opener, Heaving Lines, a whistle, fishing tackle, a blackboard with rescue signals and explanations for the behavior in an emergency and a protective cover (open boats). Motor -driven boats run with no masts and sails. The number of the belts is reduced.
To the main equipment are Rettungsbootnotsender in various forms.
For the application adapted radios serve both the message of danger as well as the coordination of a rescue operation. While a marine radio is indispensable in the field of coastal and marine, rescue boats must be equipped with an approved inland waters for the Inland Waterways radio. These are radios that emit an automatic ATIS identifier after the broadcast of a radio message, and thus the identification of the radio station permit (see also Regional agreement on inland waterways ).
Boat types
From the original wooden lifeboats rowed open to a variety of modern, often motorized versions with jet or propeller drive have developed, such as the free-fall lifeboat. From the 1960s gradually boats made of fiberglass were victorious.
Lifeboats have a prescribed type and must not exceed a certain mass and dimension. There are two different types of lifeboats which a cargo ship, the other for tankers. If the flash point of the charge is below a temperature of 60 ° C and the charge of a lifeboat with independent air supply and fire protection emits toxic gases required SOLAS. The enclosed lifeboats had their origin in an idea and close observation of the inventor Ernst Nicol. The first closed lifeboats on German ships were installed in 1957 on the two bulk carriers Praunheim and Berkersheim the lower Weser shipping company.
Special shapes
There are also further one-man lifeboats with heating and signal color (inflatable). In addition to classic lifeboats special submarines are used to rescue survivors from wrecked military submarines, for example, Russian Pris - class
Images of different boat types
Freefall lifeboat on a cargo ship
Inflatable rescue Gone overboard passengers
Lifeboat on a passenger ship in the Bavarian Lakes Maritime am Ammersee
" Unsinkable " lifeboat, 1931
Lifeboat of a tall ship
Historical
The English Captain Frederick Marryat developed in 1820 a lifeboat for the draft he received a gold medal from the Royal Humane Society. The principle and the implementation of 16 oars, and additional air chambers and Korkeinlagen particularly buoyant designed boat for about 60 persons are described in more detail in Dodsley 's Annual Register. A model of the boat is on display at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London.
After the sinking of the Titanic began the Industrial Aaron Hirsch in 1912 at a price of 20,000 marks from the promised one who construct a lifeboat should be " within half a minute, ready to use " " for at least 24 hours seaworthy " and. Hirsch's price has never been forgiven.