Lilium maritimum

Lilium maritimum

Lilium maritimum is a perennial plant of the genus Lilium (Lilium ) in the section Pseudolirium. The occurrence of endemic species are confined to a small area in California. The lily is considered endangered.

Description

Onion

The bulbs are irregular thickening of unbranched rhizomatic structures that are 1.8 to 4.1 inches high and 3 to 7.4 inches long. The rhizome is in this case more than three times longer than high and is typically composed of a lily bulb, from numerous scales, which are usually unsegmented, rarely also consist of up to two segments. The longest shed 1.5 to 3.8 centimeters long.

Habit

Lilium maritimum reaches a height of 10 centimeters to 120 centimeters, rarely up to 230 centimeters, remains close to cliffs but usually less than 25 centimeters. Stem roots are missing.

The foliage is sometimes found concentrated in the lower half of the stem, sometimes even distributed, but usually in one to four whorls or Teilwirteln, each consisting of three to seventeen sheets. The leaves are at level upright pointing ( with droopy tip) up, (sometimes narrowed ) elliptical, sometimes weakly reversed - lanceolate to reverse- egg-shaped, non-corrugated at the edges and towards the end pointed. They reach a length of 3.6 to 17.7 inches and are 0.3 to 4.7 inches wide.

Flowers and Fruit

The species flowers from May to August, one to thirteen standing in a raceme, nodding (sometimes horizontal ) and scentless, bell-shaped flowers on 6.3 to 32 centimeters long pedicles. The six identically shaped, standing in two circles petal bloom are widely reflexed half to four-fifths, red mottled dark brown in the center to red-orange, and at the base, the drawing is light orange, sometimes with a yellow - green. The bloom of 3.4 to 5 centimeters long and 0.9 to 1.3 inches wide.

The stamens do not protrude from the flower, the stamens are bent at an angle of 3 to 14 degrees outwards, the anthers are bright magenta and 4 to 12 millimeters long, the pollen is orange. The stamp is 2.2 to 3.2 inches long, the ovary 1 to 1.8 inches, the pen green.

Lilium maritimum is visited in the course of its heyday of different pollinators. At first she is pollinated by Allenkolibris ( Selasphorus sasin ) and Anna hummingbird ( Calypte anna ), and later by various bumblebees.

The per capsule 120 to 240 seeds mature in 2.4 to 4.1 centimeters long and 1.2 to 2 centimeters thick capsule fruits zoom and germinate hypogeous already in late autumn in cool conditions, so the plant remains with her cotyledon under the ground and breaks only in the spring with their primary leaves the earth's surface. The chromosome number is 2n = 24

Distribution and habitat

Lilium maritimum is endemic with very limited habitat. Their occurrence is limited exclusively to one only approximately 250 kilometers long and a few kilometers wide strip adjacent to the coast of California between San Francisco and Westport at altitudes 0-335 meters. The mild climatic conditions there are strongly influenced by the sea, so the summers are foggy, relatively cool and wet, in autumn and winter there are heavy rains and temperatures can drop to -5 ° C in winter.

It is part of there special Californian plant communities of the coast like California coastal prairie, coastal scrub Northern, clearings of Pinus muricata dominated in so-called closed- cone pine forests and bogs, where it occurs associated with sundew species. The sites are semi- sun to sun, soils acidic, often sandy and always wet. Deposits on drier soils are rare.

Hazard and status

The extensive development of the coast as their habitat, especially in the San Francisco, the species has been drastically cut back extinct in the south of their ancestral distribution area to a single population in the Point Reyes National Seashore. Since the land development progresses in the north of its range, the deposits there are threatened unchanged. In addition to exploiting the application of herbicides for maintenance of roadsides and collections made by plant collectors are regarded as threatening.

The California Native Plant Society leads Lilium maritimum as " Seriously endangered in California " ( "Seriously endangered in California" ); are used as frequency of occurrence here, " 6-20 populations or 1,000 to 3,000 individuals or 2,000 to 10,000 acres " given ( " 6-20 occurrences OR 1,000-3,000 individuals OR 2,000-10,000 acres "). From the IUCN in 1997 the type was classified as Vulnerable ( Endangered ). Neither, however, a risk classification was made on the state or federal level so far.

System

The species was first described in 1875 by the American botanist Albert Kellogg. There are no subspecies or varieties. Through their nodding blooms and the bell-shaped flower at the same time rolled bloom cladding Lilium maritimum differs morphologically from all other North American species of lilies.

Comber put the type in 1949 in his classic, though now obsolete system with kelleyanum Lilium, Lilium occidentale Lilium pardalinum, Lilium parryi and Lilium parvum in a subsection. With the Panther Lily ( Lilium pardalinum ) they can hybridize, which can be interpreted as evidence of a close relationship. In a morphological point is these hybrids that can reproduce vegetatively, right between her parents.

In molecular genetic studies, the species has not been taken into account.