Limax dacampi

Limax dacampi

Limax dacampi (according to other authors Limax dacampoi ) is a nudibranch species from the family of slug ( Limacidae ) in the suborder of terrestrial snails ( gastropod ). In previous extent, it is a somewhat problematic taxon, probably it is more of a Artkomplex closely related species. The species was found recently at the locus typicus near Garda (Lake Garda, Italy) again and documented the Kopulationsverhalten.

• 5.1 Literature
• 5.2 Notes and references
• 5.3 online

Features

Limax dacampi is extended to about 20 cm long. The body is reddish colored with two black bands along the center line or with dark spots on the back. The shell plate is considerably darker with concentric fine furrows; it takes about a ¼ of the body length. The blowhole is located in the posterior half of the mantle shield; It is bordered darker. Front and rear end of the mantle shield run out wedge-shaped. The rear end of the body is also wedge -shaped with a weak keel. The three longitudinally split sole has a whitish midfield and gray side panels. The head and the sensor are colored gray.

Similar Species

Andrzej Wiktor looked at the taxon in his comprehensive work The slugs of Poland as a junior synonym of the Black Schnegels ( Limax cinereoniger ), a view which he provided with a question mark, maintained in 1996. The three-part sole is very similar in both species. The Kopulationsverhalten of Limax dacampi other hand, is in the Broad comparable to that of Tigerschnegels ( Limax maximus ), but also shows very own components. This species has a monochromatic light sole. This Limax dacampi is definitely not a synonym of Limax cinereoniger and not of Limax maximus, but an independent Art

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution area extends the previous ( wide ) view of nature over northern Italy and southern Switzerland extends to the inside (southern part of the canton of Ticino).

The species was found in a wide range of habitats. She lives in damp and shady forests and scrubland.

Way of life

Little is known about the way of life. Recently, the Kopulationsverhalten on locus typicus could be documented, which contained some surprising components.

After one to one-hour pursuit of a ready for mating animal by another, the prelude to the wrapping of the body and the formation of a slime spot ( duration about 11 minutes) begins. The partners are now intensively lick each other and the wrap is tight. Subsequently, the mouth parts like a kiss ( " il bacio " ) (duration 10 minutes) touch. The genital bulge fields in front of him and touching. Even before the protuberance of the penises, the sperm mass ( wheat grain-like, compact mass, also called spermatophore ) in the genital opening visible (duration about 5 minutes). The intertwined body dissolve under rotational movements and other mucus secretion from the base and one to about 20 cm long, stronger slime thread is formed, where the two partners are now hanging upside down. A few minutes later, the penises are everted same time, the spermatophores (one each ) are already close to the tips of penises. The penises wrap spirally in the lower part. Here, the penis bases are relatively far apart. You are at an acute angle to each other to the point of wrapping. The blue hemolymph presses the spermatophores on the tips and the so-called penis combs are deployed; they are initially created. The lower part of the penis is shortened slightly and thickens apparently to a pear shape. The penis combs unfold now fully and are available from; they give the structure now a lamp shape ( " Hutstadium "). Everything takes place in a few minutes. Now the exchange of sperm packets begins, they are attached to glandular areas on the penis of the respective other animal. This takes less than ten minutes. Thereafter, the separation and feeding of the penises begins. The sperm packets are invaginated into the penis and withdrawn with the penises in the genital opening. The wrapping of the animals is solved and there is a stoppage of about 10 minutes duration, in which the partners lick again intense and touching kiss -like with the mouth parts. Only after the animals permanently disconnect and remove from each other.

Gerhardt (1944 ) retired from four different basic Kopulationstypen in the genus Limax; the Kopulationsverhalten match in the Broad surprisingly with the type IV ( = maximus type). Surprising because Limax dacampi formerly often used as a synonym of the Black Schnegels ( Limax cinereoniger ) was seen, such as Victor (1973) and still Wiktor (1996). Consistent with the Slug ( Limax maximus ) is the copulation on a slime thread, the sperm packets contained in the protuberance of the penises already near the top of the penises and the formation of a " Hutstadiums " with raised and splayed penis crests just before the exchange of sperm packets.

In contrast to copulation when the Slug slime thread is shorter and not twisted, penis and penis combs have a slightly different shape and also the entwined penises are slightly different in shape. In addition, the foreplay with kissing movements of the mouthparts ( " il bacio " ) and the epilogue was also previously observed with kiss -like movements of the mouth parts of the Slug.

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

The taxon was described by Luigi Menegazzi as Limax Dacampi ( Limax Da- Campii on page 62 and on the panel 2, panel statement ) for the first time scientifically. The date of first publication is stated differently in the relevant work, usually 1854 or 1855. Settembre After the (additional) title Rapporto letto nella tornata del 14 wore in 1854 Luigi Menegazzi work at the meeting of the Academy on September 14, 1854 before. The work of L. Menegazzi has appeared on the 32nd volume of the Memorie dell ' Accademia d' Agricoltura Commercio ed Arti di Verona in printed form; the title page of this volume bears the date 1855 in Roman numerals. Since the recitation of a new species is not a publication of the purposes of the International Regulations for Zoological Nomenclature in oral form may only apply in printed form as proof of first publication. Thus, the work can not be published before 1855. Even this year as the first publication is doubtful, since the report on the elections to the Accademia d' Agricoltura Commercio ed Arti di Verona appears following the work of Menegazzi in this volume from 1 June 1856 which suggests that the band 32 is not published before June 1856 in printed form. The Zoological and Botanical Association in Vienna received the work on August 6, 1856 to the present.

Currently, in the literature two slightly different spellings of the species name, dacampi and dacampoi. Which of these is the correct and hence valid notation is not easy to decide, even after letters faithful interpretation of the International Regulations for Zoological Nomenclature. The spelling dacampi is the original spelling, on the other hand dacampoi an emended spelling. According to the rules of nomenclature is a species name, which was formed after a man, to be formed by adding the ending- i. An alleged improper formation of the species name, as it appears here, may / must also be corrected only when a Derivatio nominis ( name origin) has been explicitly given. By adding " Limace del Dacampo " behind the style name that is the case. Since the nature by Benedetto Da Campo was named (see also S.XV, p.3), the correct species name is formed dacampoi therefore. Hesse the name already corrected in this manner. Some authors and websites actually use this notation, while AnimalBase and Fauna Europaea retain the original, uncorrected spelling. Falkner et al. (2008) describe the notation dacampoi even as an emended wrongly name. However, they give no explanation for this finding. Luigi Menegazzi used in the Declaration on panel 2, a second original spelling Da- Campii. This notation suggests that Menegazzi the name Da Campo first Latinized, so Da Da Campius or campus, and it formed the genitive form of the species name. Then the original spelling would dacampi a correct original spelling and thus maintain.

Lessona and Pollonera split the type into several sub- types and numerous varieties.

• Limax dacampi menegazzii Lessona & Pollonera Limax dacampi menegazzii var amaliaeBettoni
• Limax dacampi menegazzii var punctatus Lessona

• Limax dacampi Renieri atratus var Bettoni
• Limax dacampi Renieri var elegans Bettoni
• Limax dacampi Renieri var.sordellii Bettoni
• Limax dacampi Renieri nigricans var Lessona
• Limax dacampi Renieri sulphureus var Lessona
• Limax dacampi Renieri var calderinii Lessona

• Limax dacampi dacampi var typus Bettoni
• Limax dacampi dacampi var trilineolatus Bettoni
• Limax dacampi dacampi var monolineatus Bettoni
• Limax dacampi dacampi var pinII Lessona & Pollonera
• Limax dacampi dacampi var fuscus Bettoni
• Limax dacampi dacampi var taccanii Pini
• Limax dacampi dacampi var gualterii Pini
• Limax maculatus var dacampi dacampi Lessona
• Limax dacampi dacampi pallescens var Lessona
• Limax dacampi dacampi rufescens var Lessona
• Limax dacampi dacampi var monocromus Lessona & Pollonera
• Limax dacampi dacampi var villae Pini
• Limax dacampi dacampi var turatii Pini

Some of these sub-species and varieties may be distinct species (or subspecies ) within the species complex Limax dacampi. This must be re-examined in the future based on Topotyp material. Manganelli et al. (1995 ) only accept two subspecies, L. dacampi dacampi that Nominatunterart and Limax dacampi cruentus Pollonera, 1880., The authors use the emended spelling dacampoi.

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