Type locality (geology)
The type locality (type locality in biology ) is in geology and mineralogy of the place ( locality), from which a rock or mineral ( the type specimen in biology ) is derived for the initial scientific description. Two or more Type localities are given for minerals Occasionally, when the analysis of material samples were taken from different sites. Often the respective rocks or minerals are named after the first locality, this is often true for fossils, especially index fossils of paleontology.
The term is further extended to units of stratigraphy. Thus, as the GSSPs Type localities for chronostratigraphic units, and the definition of formations of lithostratigraphy is bound to a type locality. In the same sense, there are Type localities for specific tectonic structures.
Examples
Examples of rocks, which are named after their type locality, inter alia, provide the names harzburgite and Lüneburgit derived from the town of Bad Harzburg and Lüneburg ( Lower Saxony), the mineral Freibergite, after the town of Freiberg, and the mineral Löllingite that of the place Lölling (Carinthia ) got its name, or rock formations, such as the Wettersteinkalk ( Wettersteingebirge, Bavaria ) and Dachstein Limestone ( Dachstein Massif, Austria ).
A type locality may be locality for several different rocks and minerals. Thus, the minerals were in Hagendorf among other things for the first time Carlhintzeit ( named after the mineralogist Carl Hintze ), Hagendorfit (derived from the place name ), phosphophyllite (characterized by composition and appearance), and Strunzite found (after the mineralogist Karl Hugo Strunz ). The small town of Moctezuma ( Sonora, Mexico) is next to the Moctezumit also type locality for twelve other minerals, including paratellurite, Zemannit and Spiroffit.
Examples of Type localities of geological formations and structures are about the Dinosaur Ridge in the U.S. state of Colorado (west of Denver), here is the type locality of the Morrison Formation. The caldera, the slump structure of a volcanic crater, has as type locality the Taburiente on La Palma, one of the members of Spain's Canary Islands. The Karst, the Kalktrockengelände, derives from the Karst ridge ( on the Adriatic ) ago.
Type of profile is called the stratification of lithostratigraphic units as exemplary occur at the type locality. Most then the unit is named after the locality, as the Raibler layers after Raibl, today Cave del Predil, Friuli, or Tirolikum as a major unit of the Limestone Alps after the Tyrolean Limestone Alps ( Tollman 1976), where their structure is easily legible. ( Lapparent Paris, introduced 1883) then transfer are also called whole chronostratigraphic time steps by Type localities, such as the lutetium ( Lutetian Eocene, about 48-41 million years ago ) to Lutetia or the new name Ionium for the Middle Pleistocene (the middle " Ice Age " ) to the Ionian Sea ( coming nomenclature of the International Commission on Stratigraphy ).
Special type profiles / locales are the Global Stratotype Section and Point ( GSSP ) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy, which include in addition to outcrops as well as deep drilling. They are creating a world correlated geological dating and description in order to bring together the numerous authors of the past centuries often only small regional concepts introduced.