Liparis loeselii
Fen orchid ( Liparis loeselii )
The fen orchid ( Liparis loeselii ) is a strictly protected species of the world represented by about 300 species genus gloss orchid ( Liparis ) in the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). It is also known under the name of peat - gloss herb, glossy -leaved or older designation Glanzorchis. As pollinators probably act insects, but so far are not yet known due to lack of studies. The orchid can survive with their sprout tuber winter as Geophyt.
Description
The deciduous fen orchid is an inconspicuous, yellow-green colored plant that is no greater than 20 centimeters. It forms two to eleven centimeters long with constant basal leaves that are oblong to lanceolate and include a little sprout tuber with their reason. The ever- brilliant orchid forms a loose inflorescence consists of several small yellow-green to yellow-colored single flowers. The petals are shaped narrowly linear. The central lip is bent rinnig and knee -like.
Occurrence and distribution
The kalkholde fen orchid occurs naturally in small harrows vineyards and in temporarily flooded low-, intermediate - and spring fens. In Germany, it is extremely rare. In some states (Schleswig -Holstein, Hamburg, Saxony, Thuringia, Hesse and Rhineland -Palatinate ), it is even considered missing. In the other provinces, it is at least highly vulnerable species decline. The fen orchid is found in the north temperate latitudes of the Earth. There it can occur both in the lowlands and in the hill country. However, a special continentality does not possess. In Germany also is his main area. It is otherwise scattered in front of the other parts of Europe to Siberia and parts of North America. The plant is the Kennart the phytosociological association Caricion davallianae and has its main occurrence in association Juncetum alpini and albae in the dressing Rhynchosporion.
Name
The genus name comes from the Greek word Liparis λιπαρός liparos = shining, shimmering, splendid. The roll reference to the shiny leaves can also be found in the German generic name " gloss herb" again. The Style epithet was loeselii, named in 1753 by Carolus Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in honor of John Loesel ( 1607-1657 ), a botanist and professor of medicine in Königsberg.
Protection and threat
In Germany, all orchids are protected under the federal Species Protection Regulation. The fen orchid is in its habitat also according to the Fauna-Flora -Habitat Directive (Annex 2 and 4) Europe particularly worthy of protection. As in Central Europe is the main area of the plant, Germany has a special obligation to preserve the surviving populations. The species is also protected by the Berne Convention.
Its holdings are particularly vulnerable to drainage, afforestation and cultivation of peatlands. Other reasons for the disappearance of the species include the fallow extensively used fresh and wet meadows, the eutrophication of soils due to fertilizer input and emissions. Gathering orchid lovers or friends plants also decimate the stocks.
To draw attention to the particularly large threat and for protection of this rare species, the fen orchid was selected by the Working Group on Indigenous orchids orchid of the year 1994.
Gallery
Biotope in Berchtesgaden
Verblühtes fen orchid, Logatec / Slovenia
Biotope of fen orchid and marsh helleborine in Logatec / Slovenia