Lithium battery

A lithium battery is a primary cell, is used in the lithium as the active material in the negative electrode. It is not rechargeable, unlike the lithium - ion secondary battery. The latter are also often called the lithium battery.

General

Due to the standard potential of about -3.05 volts ( the most negative of all chemical elements ) and the resulting achievable high cell voltage and the high theoretical capacity of 3.86 Ah / g of lithium is an "ideal" negative electrode material for electrochemical cells.

The high reactivity of elemental lithium ( for example with water or damp air, already ), however, is problematic in practical implementation. Therefore, in lithium batteries exclusively non-aqueous, aprotic electrolyte solutions, such as Propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, or dimethoxyethane, or solid electrolytes are used.

To increase the conductivity anhydrous electrolyte salts ( such as lithium perchlorate LiClO4 ) was added. The development of lithium batteries began in the 1960s.

The anode consists of typical lithium batteries lithium and most of conductive graphite. Both of which are suspended in a polymeric binder which is applied to an electrical conductor ( metal foil ) as the film to dissipate the electrons formed in the oxidation. As binders used are polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or polyethylene glycol ( PEG). Recent research go there to use alginates in combination with finely divided silicon. This is achieved significantly higher current densities. In addition, the alginate binder swell less than the most commonly used PVDF binder. The cathode used in different oxidation agents are used depending on the battery type. Classic and most commonly used is manganese dioxide ( see table).

Advantages of lithium batteries

Advantages of lithium batteries over other primary cells with aqueous electrolytes (eg alkaline manganese battery or zinc -carbon battery ) include a higher energy density and specific energy, high cell voltage, the very long shelf life due to low self-discharge and wide temperature range for storage and operating.

Types and Applications

Lithium batteries come in many different types, which differ in the cathode, electrolyte and separator. They are available in different designs and sizes to cover a wide range of applications.

Lithium button cells

Lithium batteries is also available in the form of button cells. The type of marking is carried out here by the following scheme:

For lithium button cells, no proprietary designations have spread.

Minor structural differences may occur, as is for example the type "CR" in 2354 according to IEC standard, a modified version of the JIS standards with a small marketing stage at the edge of the negative pole.

If not, manganese dioxide, but carbon mono fluoride used as a cathode material, as is the name not "CR ", but " BR".