Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
Louis -Antoine d' Artois, duc d' Angoulême, as Louis XIX. Pretender to the French throne ( born August 6 1775 in Versailles, † June 3, 1844 in Gorizia ), was the eldest son of King Charles X of France and thus heir to the throne since 1824 (Dauphin ) of the Kingdom of France - the last, the these traditional titles led. Of the legitimists he was regarded as the rightful king of France.
Life
The Duke of Angoulême was the eldest son of the Count of Artois, later King Charles X and his wife, Princess Marie Therese of Savoy.
Until the restoration
Angoulême was followed in 1789 his father into exile in Turin, turned 1792 in Germany at the head of emigrants Corps and went to the resolution to Edinburgh, on to Blankenburg am Harz, and finally to Jelgava, where he was in June 1799, the only daughter of Louis XVI. , Princess Marie Thérèse Charlotte of France, married. In 1806 he went to England, where most of the volatile of Napoleon Bourbons had at the castle Hartwell ( Hartwell House in Aylesbury at Oxford) found an asylum.
As in 1814, the Allies marched into France, he was released on February 2 in the British- Spanish headquarters at Saint -Jean -de- Luz and gaining valuable supporters of legitimate kingship around. Under the protection of the English army, he moved into Bordeaux on March 12, proclaimed Louis XVIII. as king and proclaimed amnesty, freedom of religion and remedy all just grievances. After the establishment of the monarchy of the Bourbons, he was appointed Admiral of France and Colonel General des carabiniers and after Napoleon's return in 1815 to Lieutenent général of France.
He moved with regular troops and National Guards to the south against Napoleon, fought at Montelimar and Loriol several advantages over the Bonapartist, but was on April 6, pushed back at Saint -Jacques, abandoned by his troops and taken prisoner at Pont -Saint -Esprit of Grouchy. After six days on the orders of Napoleon released, he went to Madrid and prepared on the French border against an invasion of France.
His uncle accused him that he would have to answer for Napoleon's rule of the Hundred Days. He forgave him only in 1815 after Napoleon's second downfall and his exile on the island of St. Helena, when he was employed again by the Congress of Vienna as King of France.
After the battle of Waterloo Angoulême moved into Bordeaux and Toulouse.
Spanish Expedition
In 1823 he received the command of the specific suppression of the Spanish Revolution French invasion army in the name of his uncle and the Holy Alliance. The Holy Alliance was a loose alliance of European rulers to the conservative monarchy maintained, if necessary by force of arms. Outwardly, the Holy Alliance was ahead of other objectives, supposedly, the states would be obliged to align their policy on the Christian precepts of peace, justice and love, and each other to provide assistance. Members have included Tsar Alexander I of Russia, who had designed the plan for this alliance, and Emperor Francis I of Austria, King Frederick William III. of Prussia, and of course, King Louis XVIII. of France.
The Duke of Angoulême should restore the absolutist royal power in Spain and for that weed out the liberal forces.
During forced by Napoleon absence of Ferdinand VII continued the Cortes of Cadiz in Spain in 1812 a liberal constitution in force. Ferdinand VII annulled the constitution on his return to Spain in 1814 immediately on again.
After a Pronunciamiento and unrest in Madrid, Ferdinand VII was forced in March 1820 to put the Constitution of Cadiz of 1812 reinstated. Louis Antoine Duke of Angoulême passed on April 6, 1823 Bidasoa and moved without significant resistance on 24 May 1823 in Madrid one. Only a Cádiz he had the Trocadero storm with violence, for which he was appointed Prince of Trocadero on 30 August 1823. Angoulême defeated the Liberals and helped King Ferdinand VII in 1823 to be able to govern as 1814-1820, absolutist and without any limitation by a constitution or parliament. Vain tried the Duke of Angoulême, counteract the violence of the vengeful royalists; even his proclamation of Andujar (8 August ) and his desire that a general amnesty would be adopted, were not observed.
Dauphin
With the death of Louis XVIII. In 1824 his father, the Count of Artois, as Charles X. new king of France, Angoulême led henceforth the title of Dauphin. 1830 July Revolution broke out, during which Charles X was forced to abdicate. The Dauphin, now as Louis XIX. should follow, also renounced - after he was theoretically twenty minutes of rightful king of France - on the throne, in favor of his nephew Henri, duc de Bordeaux ( Henry V ), the son of his younger brother murdered in 1820 Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry. The hope of Charles X and the previous Dauphin, so perhaps the throne for his own dynasty to save, was not fulfilled, since now Louis Philippe came from the house of Orléans in France.
Louis Antoine followed the abdicated king into exile in Holyrood, 1832 Prague and 1836 to Gorizia, where he lived under the title of Count of Marnes with his wife in complete seclusion and on June 3, 1844, died without leaving descendants. He was buried in Kostanjevica monastery in Nova Gorica in Slovenia today.