Luqman

Luqman (also: Lokman; Arab لقمان, DMG Luqman ) was a legendary figure of the Arab paganism. In the Koran, Sura 31, the Luqmans bears names.

Luqman in pre-Islamic times

In vorkoranischer tradition Luqman appears as the " Durable " (al- Mu ʿ ammar ). When he is offered a long life, Luqman chooses the life of seven vultures. He pulls up in sequence and so lives 560 years (7 x 80 years). His last vulture called Lubad. When he lowers his wing, Luqman encourages him in vain to fly. Lubad dies and with him Luqman.

In Tabari's universal history (Ta ʾ al - Rich rusul wa - ʾ l - Muluk wa - ʾ l - chulafā ʾ ) Luqman belongs to the people of Prophet Hud. He is an embassy to Mecca, imploring the rain for their sinful and ravaged by drought people there. The legation forget this concern but due to the hospitality of the people of Mecca. Then their people plagued by corruption in the form of a black cloud.

Luqman in the Qur'an

In the Quran a verse bears the name Luqmans. There Luqman occurs as a wise saying poet who judges admonitions to his son:

And we still have (at the time ) the given Luqman wisdom ( by calling upon him ): Be grateful to God! If a God is grateful he is for his own benefit. And if one ( him) is ungrateful ( does not detract from God ). God is not dependent on, and worthy of praise. And (then) when Luqman said to his son admonishing "My son! Journeyman ( one ) God does not ( other gods ) by! (With Him other gods ) is associate with a wrong-doing. " ( 31:12 - 13)

Some of the admonitions Luqmans belonged to Muhammad's already the common property of epigrammatic poetry. An example of this is the following Qur'anic verse that was used in hundreds of versions

And when (all ), what is there on earth to trees were pens and the sea (ink and ) after it is exhausted, seven ( more ) seas as supply would receive (so that the word of God can all be written down ) would not go to the end of the word of God. God is mighty and wise.

Another example is the verse:

Stride along left and lower your voice! The most horrible voice but have the donkey.

This verse finds its antecedents in the so-called Ahikar narrative:

My son, sink your head, lower your voice and look down! Because if built by loud voice the house, so the donkey built two houses in one day.

The Islamic Tafseer Science Luqman identified because of the importance of equality of the two names with the biblical Balaam (see Numbers 23-24).

Luqman in spätorientalischer seal

Some centuries after Mohammed is reported by Luqman as fabulist. He appears as a carpenter, shepherd, Schneider, as misshapen slave and also as an Egyptian, Nubian or Ethiopian slave. These emerging in the late Middle Ages Fables are all attributed to the Greek fabulist Aesop, whose stories have been translated into Arabic.

Also in the West-Eastern Divan of Goethe occurs on Luqman: "

" What brought Lokman not clear The one was the Garst'gen! " The candy is not within the tube, The sugar is sweet. "