Lysippos
Lysippus (Greek Λύσιππος; German mostly Lysippos; * probably 400/390 BC in Sicyon; † towards the end of the 4th century BC) was a Greek sculptor and ore caster, of the especially in the 2nd half 4th century BC worked.
Lysippus the most important sculptor of the 4th century BC in the Peloponnese, entertained a large school of sculpture in Sicyon and allegedly created over 500 statues. He has worked for numerous clients from the entire Greek cultural area, Asia Minor and Rhodes over Thessaly and Macedonia, the Peloponnese and Boeotia, Delphi, Aetolia and Acarnania up to Taranto. Among his works all formats and many topics were represented, including gods, heroes, muses, athletes and portraits of statesmen, philosophers and kings. One ancient legend says that Alexander the Great had in bronze representing only of him, as he was only painting of Apelles.
As a sculptor, he introduced a new understanding of nature, which brought him back to antiquity, the judgment, most fully take account of natural phenomenon. Pliny provides the proverbial phrase, " he imagine people is, not as they are but as they appeared. " He sat hereby aware of the style of Polykleitos from in whose successor he was as an artist, especially from Sicyon. While he still clung to the balanced by ponderation contrast of leg and swing leg, which was introduced in its clearest expression of Polykleitos in the arts, he changed the proportions of the limbs, which, for example, in a lengthening of the legs, a narrow body of representation altogether and a reduction of the head proportion expressed. Already the ancient art scholarship was aware of these delimiting characteristics of his style. In particular, his Apoxiomen gives an idea of his style and is evidence of a further moment lysippischen artistic creation: the conquest of space, involving the viewer through the back and forth of the limbs in the space of the image of the " terms of viewer directly ." Other Assignable works are a portrait of Alexander and the portrait of Socrates, which are attributed to Lysippos in the written tradition, and you can connect with his style.
Nevertheless, the debate decorated with his work, which has only survived in the form of Roman Marmoropien difficult because his immense influence spawned numerous imitators of his style. So already his son worked Euthyktates in his style and a generation later it brought Tysikrates so far that one of them Lysipps could barely distinguish his statues. One of his students was Chares of Lindos, who created the Colossus of Rhodes.
Given an ironic tip of Petronius the incredible work scope Lysipps is difficult to explain. For Petronius Satyricon left to die of hunger in him, as he pored over the draft of a statue. On the other hand, it is testimony to its traditional attention to detail and he was praised for the details of his hair Gestaltunge.
Works
- Apoxiomen ( an athlete who cleans up the dust of the square ). ( Marble copy in the Vatican Museums )
- Herakles Farnese (Museo Nazionale, Naples)
- Hermes, which attracts sandals ( sandals ' binder ', Lansdowne House, London / Louvre, Paris / Glyptothek, Munich)
- Kairos ( "The Right Time " ) in the front courtyard of a temple in Sicyon; young man with winged shoes, whose head is bald, but the a lock of hair falling into his face.
- Eros
- Colossal statue of Zeus at Tarentum
- A four-horse chariot with the sun god Helios in Rhodes
- A drunken flute player
- Statues of Olympic victors, by Seleucus I and Aesop
- Statue of Silenus with Dionysos boys in the Vatican Museums, Braccio Nuovo
- With Leochares he created a bronze group that showed a lion hunt of Alexander