Mangup

Mangup or Mangup Kale (Ukrainian Мангуп - Кале, Manhup Kale; Russian Мангуп - Кале, Mangup Kale, Crimean Tatar MANGUP [ manɣup ] ) is a former hillfort in the Crimea, south of Bakhchisaray. Under the older name Dori it is known as the capital of the Crimean Goths. The settlement is located on Table Mountain Mangup, its about 90 ha large plateau 250 meters - rises 300 meters above the surrounding valleys. On three sides of steep rock walls of the hilltop settlement provided a natural protection. The walls are 1500 meters long, the total length of the fortifications ( with natural rock barriers from 20 to 70 m in height ) is 6600 meters. In the area of the fort there are many sources. Mangup is located near the Strait of Salesnoje after Ternovka, near the village of Hadji - Sala.

History

The oldest archaeological traces dating from the 5th century. The cemetery Almalyk from this period has alano - Gothic elements. The place of Dory or Doros ( Δόρυ, Δόρος ) was called, has been secured by Emperor Justinian I, as archaeological investigations confirmed.

In the last third of the 8th century Mangup came under Khazar suzerainty. The city received new fortifications. 786/87, there was an uprising against the Khazars under the leadership of Bishop John of Gothia and the so-called Lord of Gothia, whose seat is located on the mountain Mangup. Middle of the 9th century ended the supremacy of the Khazars. The place became less important.

1361 paved the Hekatontarch Chuitani - Demetrios the citadel of Mangup again. Theodoro ( Θεοδωρώ ), as the place was then called, capital of the Principality of Theodoro was. Prince Alexius had converted the city.

1396 visited the priest and monk Exarch Maththaios Theodoro and wrote after his return a poem of 153 verses in fünfzehnsilbigen meter ( Dekapentosyllab ) on his visit to the Patriarchate of Constantinople Opel -listed town. The text has survived only in Cod Vat gr 952, a manuscript collection of the 15th century as a copy.

1475 was the Ottoman commander Gedik Ahmed Pasha Theodoro / Mangup siege for six months before he could take the city in December of the same year. Mangup became an important outpost of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimea. 1493 a major fire destroyed the city for the most part. Due to the Ottoman administrator of Mangup, Tzula, 1503, the city wall was renewed. 1520 lived in Mangup 935 people, 460 Greeks, 252 followers of the Jewish religious community of Karaites, 188 Muslims and 35 Armenians.

1774 came to Mangup Krimchanat and 1783 to Russia. The Karaites left Mangup, the synagogue was destroyed. In the 19th century the place was abandoned and fell into disrepair.