Mari language
Spoken in
- Uralic Finno - Ugric Volga Finnish Mari
-
Chm
Chm ( Mari; macro language ) mhr ( Ostmari, Wiesenmari ) mrj ( Westmari, Bergmari )
The Mari ( Wiesenmari марий йылме marij, jəlme or Bergmari мары йӹлмӹ, marə jÿlmÿ; outdated Tscheremissisch ) belongs to the Volga- Finnish group of the Finno -Ugric languages and it is related to Finnish, Estonian and Sami language. Mari is spoken by the people of Mari. The number of users reached 2002 or 488,000 (1989: 553,000 ).
Dialects and Mari - written languages
There are four dialects, two of which have attained the status of written languages : south of the Volga River, Kuryk -Mari ( кырык мары, Bergmari ) and north of the Volga River ( марий олык, Wiesenmari ) Olyk -Mari. Mari - speakers live across the Volga-Ural region. Both Mari - written languages are official languages since 1995, belonging to Russia Republic of Mari El. Since 1938 a modified Cyrillic alphabet is used.
Special features of the Mari
Mari stands out ( depending on the dialect 8-12) and the avoidance of consonant combinations through great vocal richness. Grammatical relations in Mari are expressed predominantly by appending ( agglutination) of suffixes ( suffixes ). Mari has nine cases. Example using the word for book, knaga ( from Russian kniga borrowed ).
- Nominative кнага
- Genitive кнаган
- Dative кнагалан
- Accusative кнагам
- Inessive кнагала
- Comparative кнагаге
- Comitative кнагаште
- Illativ кнагаш
The possessive pronouns are appended to the noun as a suffix. The plural is expressed by the suffix- vlak.
- кнагам - кнага - влакем my book / books
- кнагат - кнага - влакет your book / books
- кнагаже - кнага влакше - be (s) / her ( e) book / books
- кнагана - кнага - влакна our ( e) book / books
- кнагада - кнага - влакда your ( your ) book / books
- кнагашт - кнага - влакышт her ( e) book / books
For the form of the suffix, it is important whether the stem ends in vowel or consonant.