Marinid dynasty

The Marinids (Arabic مرينيون, DMG Marīnīyūn ) were a Berber dynasty Muslim who reigned as the heir of the Almohads from the first half of the 13th century to 1465 in Morocco and other parts of the Maghreb.

History

The Banu Marin were Zanata - Berber and migrated in the 12th century from Ifriqiya coming in a south-eastern Morocco. Already in 1145 there was the first battles with the Almohads, from which they were subjected, however.

Under Abu Yahya Abu Bakr (1244-1258), the conquest of North Morocco began. Fez was the capital of the Marinids 1248. Abu Yusuf Yaqub (1259-1286) graduated in 1269 with the conquest of Marrakesh, from the fall of the Almohad and the subjection of Morocco. At the same time he put on after al -Andalus, to support the Nasrid Granada in the fight against Castile.

This was followed by internal power struggles among which Marinids but Abu Said Uthman II (1310-1331) did not stop in an extensive building activity in Fes. Thus, several madrasas as " secular universities " were established for the training of civil servants to the centralization of management to promote and reduce the influence of the not always reliable marabouts and brotherhoods.

Under Abu l -Hasan (1331-1348) was an attempt to unite the Maghreb again. So the kingdom of Abdalwadiden in today's Algeria, and in 1347 the kingdom of the Hafsids in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) was conquered until 1337. However, the Marinids, 1340 defeated by Castile at the Battle of Salado and had to withdraw permanently from the Iberian Peninsula. Abu l -Hasan was overthrown by his son Abu Inan Faris ( 1348-1358 ). He tried to re-conquer the lost Algeria and Tunisia. Despite some success after the assassination of Abu Inan Faris began the decline of the dynasty.

Due to the troubled Bedouins and Berbers spread in Morocco increasingly lawless state, which accelerated the decline of the empire. Also the support of the marabouts and brotherhoods subsided, as the Marinids due to a financial crisis in the 15th century restricted their contributions to these institutions.

The after 1358 following the ruler of the Marinids came under the control of Wattasids who exercised as viziers, the actual power in the Empire. They put the Merinidensultane, mostly in childhood, in rapid succession and down. The Wattasids could the kingdom but also not consolidate so that Portugal in 1415 could occupy the city of Ceuta and to 1513 for all ports on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. After Abdalhaqq II had (1421-1465) tried in vain to break the power of Wattasids, the dynasty was overthrown by the Marinids this.

Ruler list

  • Abdalhaqq I. (1195-1217)
  • Uthman I. (1217-1240)
  • Muhammad I (1240-1244)
  • Abu Yahya Abu Bakr (1244-1258)
  • Umar (1258-1259)
  • Abu Yusuf Yaqub (1259-1286)
  • Abu Yaqub Yusuf (1286-1307)
  • Abu Thabit Amir (1307-1308)
  • Abu r- Rabi ' (1308-1310)
  • Abu Said Uthman II (1310-1331)
  • Abu l -Hasan (1331-1351)
  • Abu Inan Faris (1351-1358)
  • Muhammad II al- Said (1358-1359)
  • Abu Salim Ali II (1359-1361)
  • Abu Umar Taschufin ( 1361 )
  • Abd al- Halim (1361-1362)
  • Abu Zayyan Muhammad III. (1362-1366)
  • Abu Faris Abd al - Aziz I. (1366-1372)
  • Muhammad IV (1372-1374)
  • Abu l - Abbas Ahmad (1374-1384)
  • Musa (1384-1386)
  • Muhammad V. ( 1386 )
  • Muhammad VI. (1386-1387)
  • Abu l - Abbas Ahmad (1387-1393)
  • Abd al- Aziz II (1393-1396)
  • Abdullah (1396-1398)
  • Abu Said Uthman III. (1398-1420)
  • Abdalhaqq II (1420-1465)
Taza DIN 31635 Berber people Almohad Caliphate Zenata Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd Al-Haqq al-Andalus Nasrid dynasty Abu Sa'id Uthman II Hafsid dynasty Battle of Río Salado Abdalhaqq II. Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr Integrated Authority File
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