Marks & Spencer

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Marks & Spencer is a large retail companies of the United Kingdom. The company is next to the supermarket chains Tesco, Sainsbury's, ASDA (owned by Wal- Mart ), Morrisons, including one of the largest retail companies in the UK. It operates across the UK over 375 shops, most of which consist of department stores in downtown locations. It is listed in the FTSE 100, ISIN GB0031274896.

History

In the beginning the company was a vendor's tray, with the Michael Marks ( Polish: " Michał Marks " ), a Jewish immigrant from Poland, in 1882 began to sell Haberdashery in North East England. After two years, he borrowed from the wholesaler Issac Dewhirst 5 pounds for a stall at the market in Leeds. For his goods, he campaigned with the eye-catching slogan: Do not ask the price - it's a penny. He had relatively quick success, and there was a small chain of market stalls, which called itself " Marks' Penny Bazaar ".

The Penny limit was maintained until the first World War. The name of the company had changed, however, because Marks 1894 for the purpose of business expansion into a partnership with Thomas Spencer came in, the cashier had been at Dewhirst. 1901, the first department store was opened in Manchester. 1926 Marks & Spencer finally went public; the reservation price was five shillings at that time.

In 1924, the company, clothing and underwear started directly from the manufacturer and is no longer on the wholesale market. This Marks & Spencer had greater impact on the quality. On this basis, in 1928 the St. Michael trademark was introduced for all the goods that were produced by our own standards.

Until the 1950s, the company grew rapidly, expanded and enlarged the range of goods and comfort in its department stores (eg with " Cafe Bar "). 1968 reconditioned M & S competitors Woolworth as the largest retailers in the UK; However, this state lost the company in 1992 at Sainsbury's. In 1975, the first stores were opened on the European continent. This expansion strategy was abandoned in 2001, and the retail outlets in Germany ( Westenhellweg, Dortmund, Zeil, Frankfurt, Cologne, Essen, etc.), Belgium and France have been sold or closed. The losses incurred are the subject of the Marks & Spencer judgment of the ECJ.

In October 2012 M & S joined the Detox Campaign by Greenpeace. M & S signed a pledge to remove all hazardous chemicals from its supply chain and product range in 2020.