Max Askanazy

Max Askanazy ( born February 24, 1865 in Stallupönen, † October 23, 1940 in Geneva) was a Swiss pathologist and oncologist German origin.

Life

Max Askanazy, a member of the Jewish community, was on 24 February 1865 in Stallupönen as the son of Joseph Samuel Askanazy and the nanny born Ashkanazy to the world. He visited with his brother Selly Askanazy (1866 - 1940 - Family Practice in East Prussia - emigration to Spain) the Kneiphöfsche Gymnasium in Königsberg and served with him as a reserve officer in the Prussian army. Askanazy began studying medicine at the University of Königsberg, where he graduated in 1890 with the acquisition of the academic degree of Dr. med. Subsequently, he was there until 1895 at the Pathological Institute at Ernst Neumann (1834 - 1918) worked. After his habilitation in 1894, he taught first as a lecturer, since 1903 as professor of general pathology, pathological anatomy and Mycology at the University of Königsberg.

In 1905 he accepted an appointment at the University of Geneva, the successor of Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn ( 1845-1904 ) to the chair of pathology to compete. This position had Askanazy held until his retirement in 1939. In addition, Max Askanazy founded the International Society for Geographical Pathology in 1928. In addition to the professional activity Askanazy held in Konigsberg a highly acclaimed series of lectures on "Art and Science". Here he compared the activities of the scientific researcher with that of the artist: the imagination of the artist playing the role as a helper of science. From their knowledge they inspire scientists to identify problem solutions:

" If science is called primarily to make observations, and from this to construct theories, yet the intuition is indispensable, which can be compared with the imagination of the artist. " ( Askanazy, quoted by Hübschmann 1958).

Max Askanazy was married to Stephanie Elizabeth Mary was born Gerstel. He died on October 23, 1940 four months before the completion of his 76th year of life in Geneva. The marriage remained childless.

Work

Max Askanazy, author of about 170 publications, mainly dealt with the hematopoietic system, bone pathology, pathology of the endocrine glands and tumors, inflammation and the pathogenic effect of animal parasites:

As a profound knowledge of the pathology of blood he wrote the one-time well-known textbook by O. Lubarsch and F. Henke to the section on " bone marrow and blood production. " He was like his teacher " Unitarians ": the first 1868/69 described in Königsberg from his teacher Ernst Neumann " Lymphoid marrow cell " in the bone marrow was also postembryonal blood stem cell for all blood cell lineages and thus for the blood pathology of crucial importance. In the research field of parasitology, he discovered a previously unknown parasite: the liver fluke ( Ophisthorchis felineus ). Influenced by the Königsberg zoologists Maximilian Braun discovered Askanazy that the larvae of the leech occur in fish meat of different fish in the Curonian Lagoon and then get the enjoyment of raw fish into the human body. The liver fluke causes not only an infection of the bile ducts, but this infection can progress to cholangiocarcinoma ( Krauspe ). Askanazy has its main findings on the parasites in a chapter of the textbook Aschoff'schen shown ( Askanazy 1914).

The indication that an infection in a malignant tumor may proceed, prompted Askanazy to build the experimental tumor research. In animal studies, he uncovering evidence of cancer formation by arsenic ( 1926). One of the first publications of the Königsberg time dealt with tumors of the ovary ( dermoid cysts ). He recognized these tumors as " teratomas ".

Thanks to its global relationships Königsberg Institute and later particularly the Geneva Institute of Pathology experienced under his leadership a significant upswing.

Max Askanazy saw the central task of pathology in the systematization of the causes of disease. He broke through the dominant in his field restriction on the morphology what the cancer research gave decisive impulses. Askenazys " 4 - factor theory of tumor genesis " leads the development of a carcinoma back to the interaction of:

  • General disposition, such as inheritance
  • Local Disposition geographical pathology
  • Exogenous stimuli, such as by parasites
  • Endogenous stimuli - intracellular -

Honors

Publications

  • Askanazy, M.: General etiology (causal genesis ) II External Causes of Disease on the subject of parasites. In: L. Aschoff: Pathologist. Anatomy textbook 4th edition, Vol 1, G. Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1914, pp. 136-309
  • Askanazy, M.: Ernst Neumann. Zbl. f General. Path. and Path. Anat 29 (1918 ), pp. 409 -421
  • Askanazy, M.: The bone marrow In: Henke, F., Lubarsch, O.: Handbook of special pathological anatomy and histology. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Part II, 1927, S.775 - 1082
  • Askanazy, M.: Ernst Neumann, German Path.Ges Ratio. 28 (1935 ) pp. 363-372
Franz Ernst Christian Neumann Hematopoietic stem cell Exogeny Endogeny Marcel Benoist Prize Name Authority File
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