Meconopsis

Variety Meconopsis ' Slieve Donard '

Poppy ( Meconopsis ) is a plant genus in the family of the poppy family ( Papaveraceae ). The blue- flowering species and varieties are also called Blue poppy seeds. The approximately 54 species have a distribution in the Sino - Himalayan region; which deviates only a Western European type.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Poppy species grow as single- to multi-year, or monocarpic perennial herbaceous plants. The plant parts carry a yellow milky juice. In monokarpischen types thick or thickened taproots with fiber roots are present or they only have fiber roots. The perennial species form rhizomes. If a recognizable stalk is present, then it can be branched and leafy and he is fluffy or bristly hairy or bald.

The alternate and spirally on the stem distributed and / or arranged in a basal rosette leaves are petiolate to sessile. Sometimes the leaves are amplexicaul. The leaf blade may be pinnatisect to pieces or simple. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated. The leaf surfaces are bristly hairy or bald. Stipules absent.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers appear singly or in racemose, paniculate or pseudodoldigen inflorescences. The top flower opens first. Often hang the flower buds.

The relatively large, hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and bowl - or dish-shaped with a double perianth. The two ( rarely three or four in the top flower) free, often bristly sepals fall off when you open the flower. The color of the four to ten ( rarely more) petals varies depending on the type of often blue to purple, sometimes pink to red or yellow, rarely white. The many free, fertile stamens are formed centripetally. The stamens are usually linear. The anthers are often elongated. Three or more carpels are fused to a constant above, unilocular ovary, which is almost spherical, ovate, obovate or narrow - cylindrical. There are many ovules available. In the ovary are also many free pen as carpels, which are barely visible to style short and terminate in capitate to clavate scars.

Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

Fruit and seeds

The fluffy to bristly, prickly or bare fruit capsules are nearly spherical, ovoid, obovate, elliptical or cylindrical and contain many seeds. The fruit capsules have three to twelve ( -18 ) fruit trays, whose segments are slightly lobed or open it from the tip toward the base on a third of their length or more. The egg-shaped, kidney-shaped, falcate - oblong or oblong seeds are smooth or longitudinally concave.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Meconopsis was, pp. 48 drawn up in 1814 by Louis Alexandre Guillaume Viguier in Histoire naturelle, médicale et économique et pavots of the argémones. As a type species is Meconopsis Vig cambrica. determined. Synonyms for Meconopsis Vig. are Cathcartia Hook. f and Cumminsia King ex Prain nom. inval.

The genus Meconopsis belongs to the tribe Papavereae in the subfamily Papaveroideae within the family of Papaveraceae.

There are about 54 species in the genus Poppy ( Meconopsis ), which occurs almost exclusively in the Sino - Himalayan region, but is native of Western Europe:

  • Meconopsis aculeata Royle: It occurs in the southwestern Tibet, southwestern India and Pakistan.
  • Meconopsis argemonantha Prain: It occurs at altitudes 3700-4600 meters in the southwestern Tibet.
  • Meconopsis balangensis T.Yoshida, H.Sun & DEBoufford: it was first described 33, p 409 Plant Diversity and Resources, Volume 2011. There are two varieties known which occur as endemic in the Chinese province of Sichuan. Meconopsis balangensis var balangensis at altitudes 3600-4300 meters only in Balang Shan and Wenchuan and Meconopsis balangensis var atrata on the border of Xiaojin and Baoxing Xian at altitudes 3950-4000 meters.
  • Meconopsis barbiseta CYWu & H.Chuang ex LHZhou: This endemic species thrives in Alpine mats at altitudes of about 4400 meters in only Jigzhi in southeastern Qinghai.
  • Meconopsis bella Prain: It comes in the Himalayas (Nepal to Bhutan) at altitudes between 3,000 and 5,000 meters in front.
  • Tibet Poppy ( Meconopsis betonicifolia Franch. ): He comes in southeastern Tibet ( Cona, Main Ling, Nyingchi ), northwestern Yunnan and northern Myanmar in sparse forests and in wet meadows on sand at altitudes 3000-4300 meters in front.
  • Meconopsis biloba LZAn, SYChen & YSLian: it was first described 19, p 286 in Novon, Volume 2009. This endemic species grows on scree and rocky slopes at altitudes of about 3050 meters in only Lingtan in Gansu.
  • Cambrian Poppy (. Meconopsis cambrica (L.) Vig ): He is the only Western European Art Belonging to the genus Papaver is discussed; there he would bear the name of Papaver L. cambricum.
  • Forest Poppy ( Meconopsis chelidoniifolia Bureau & Franch. ): It thrives in the shade of the forest, on stream banks and roadsides at altitudes 1400-2700 meters in the northern and western Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan.
  • Meconopsis concinna Prain: It grows on grassy slopes, under rhododendron bushes, mountain moorland and heaths, forest edges at altitudes 3300-4500 meters in the southwestern Sichuan, Xizang southeastern and northwestern Yunnan.
  • Lime Poppy ( Meconopsis delavayi ( Franch. ) Franch ex Prain. ): This endemic species thrives in grassy slopes, stabilized moraines and rocky mats at altitudes 2700-4000 meters only from Heqing to Yulong Xueshan in northwestern Yunnan.
  • Dhwoj - Poppy ( Meconopsis dhwojii G.Taylor ex Hay ): It comes in Nepal at altitudes 3500-5600 meters in front.
  • Meconopsis discigera Prain: The home is southern Tibet, Bhutan, Sikkim and the central and eastern Nepal.
  • Meconopsis florindae Kingdon -Ward
  • Meconopsis forrestii Prain
  • Meconopsis Georgei G.Taylor
  • Meconopsis gracilipes G.Taylor
  • Big Poppy ( Meconopsis grandis Prain ): He comes in Nepal, Sikkim and Tibet before at altitudes 3300-5600 meters.
  • Meconopsis henrici Bureau & Franch.
  • Prickly Poppy ( Meconopsis horridula Hook f & Thomson. ): He comes in western Nepal, in the Himalayas and southwestern China before at altitudes 3000-6000 meters
  • Meconopsis impedita Prain
  • Yellow Haired Poppy ( Meconopsis integrifolia ( Maxim. ) Franch. ): He comes China, Tibet and northern Myanmar at altitudes 2700-5200 meters
  • Meconopsis lancifolia ( Franch. ) Franch. ex Prain
  • Meconopsis latifolia ( Prain ) Prain
  • Meconopsis lyrata ( HACummins & Prain ) Fedde ex Prain
  • Nepal Poppy ( Meconopsis napaulensis DC, Syn. M. nepalensis DC. ): He comes in the Himalayas (Nepal to Bhutan) at altitudes between 2700-6000 meters and southern Tibet and western China before.
  • Meconopsis neglecta G.Taylor: The species is known only from the type site in western Pakistan.
  • Meconopsis oliveriana Franch. & Prain ex Prain
  • Panicles - Poppy ( Meconopsis paniculata ( D.Don ) Prain ): He comes in the Himalayas in southeastern Tibet at altitudes 3000-4700 meters in front.
  • Meconopsis pinnatifolia CYWu & H.Chuang ex LHZhou
  • Meconopsis prattii ( Prain ) Prain
  • Meconopsis primulina Prain
  • Meconopsis pseudohorridula C.Y.Wu & H.Chuang
  • Meconopsis pseudointegrifolia Prain
  • Meconopsis pseudovenusta G.Taylor
  • Red Poppy ( Meconopsis punicea Maxim. ): It is found in Tibet.
  • Carpet Poppy or Five Annoying Poppy ( Meconopsis quintuplinervia rule): It is found in Tibet and western China.
  • Meconopsis racemosa Maxim.
  • Meconopsis rebeccae H.S.Debnath & Nayar
  • Splendour Poppy ( Meconopsis regia G.Taylor ): He comes in Nepal before at altitudes 3500-4600 meters.
  • Meconopsis rudis ( Prain ) Prain
  • Gravel or Ganzblättriger Poppy Poppy ( Meconopsis simplicifolia ( D.Don ) Walp. ): He comes in Nepal and Tibet before at altitudes 3300-5800 meters.
  • Meconopsis sinuata Prain: The species occurs in the Himalayas (Nepal to Bhutan) at altitudes between 2,400 to 3,500 meters before.
  • Meconopsis sinomaculata Grey -Wilson
  • Meconopsis smithiana ( Hand. - Mazz. ) G.Taylor Hand. ex - Mazz.
  • Meconopsis speciosa Prain
  • Silver Poppy ( Meconopsis superba King ex Prain ): It is found in Bhutan and Tibet.
  • Meconopsis taylorii LHJWilliams: It comes in Nepal before at altitudes 3600-4500 meters.
  • Meconopsis tibetica Grey -Wilson
  • Meconopsis torquata Prain
  • Meconopsis venusta Prain
  • Shaggy Haired Poppy or Poppy ( Meconopsis villosa ( Hook. f ) G.Taylor ): He comes in the eastern Himalayas (eastern Nepal to Bhutan) at altitudes 1500-3200 meters in front.
  • Meconopsis violacea Kingdon -Ward: It occurs in Tibet and Myanmar.
  • Meconopsis wilsonii Grey -Wilson
  • Meconopsis wumungensis K.M.Feng & H.Chuang
  • Meconopsis zangnanensis L.H.Zhou

Use

Some species are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. The seeds of Meconopsis grandis are eaten roasted or pickled. From the seeds of an oil is obtained meconopsis napaulensis. The medical effects of Meconopsis aculeata and Meconopsis napaulensis were investigated.

Swell

  • Zhang Mingli & Christopher Grey -Wilson: Meconopsis in the Flora of China, Volume 7, 2008, pp. 262-275: text Registered as printed work. ( Description section )
  • Entry in the Flora of Pakistan. ( Description section )
  • Carolan JC, Hook IL, MW Chase, JW Kadereit & Hodkinson TR: Phylogenetics of Papaver and Related Genera Based on DNA Sequences from ITS Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid trnL Intron and trnL -F intergenic spacer, In: Annals of Botany, Volume 98, Issue 1, 2006, pp. 141-155: Full -text online.
  • Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
  • Eckhart J. Hunter, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller: Excursion Flora of Germany. Volume 5 Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Oxford University Press. Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8
Umbel Ovary (botany) Tibet Autonomous Region
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