Medusafish

Hyperoglyphe perciformis

Called The Black Fish ( Centrolophidae ), also black mackerel fish or jellyfish, belong to the order Scombriformes. They live in all tropical and temperate parts of the world oceans, with the exception of the central Indian Ocean and the central Pacific. The black fish ( Centrolophus niger) is the only Medusenfischartige in the cold North Atlantic ( in Iceland ), the genus Icichthys the only Medusenfischartige species in the North Pacific ( in Alaska).

Features

There are laterally flattened, often hochrückige animals. The head is scaleless and pore- rich. They are mostly of gray, brown or dark green in color. Your eyes are often golden. The mouth is small to medium in size, but at least as far under the eye. The teeth are small, conical, and sitting in a row. Vomer and Gaumenbin are toothless. The dorsal fin is continuous. Either forward zero to five weak hard jets, which gradually lead to the soft rays ( in the first three genera ), or the front there are 5-9 short spines without connection to the dorsal fin ( in the last three genera ). The anal fin has three hard - and 12 to 38 soft rays. Characteristic ( at least ) for the Stromateidae and Centrolophidae are the so-called " revenge bags ", pharyngeal extensions of the uppermost esophagus with dental or branchioctenienartigen formations that serve the manipulation of the food, but are little studied.

Young fish live in the protection of jellyfish or driftwood. The adult birds often stay hidden in flotsam, Tangen or shipwrecks. Schedophilus medusophagus lives up to 600 meters below sea fans over vegetated ground.

Black fish eat small fish, salps, jellyfish, hydroids and crabs.

System

There are 31 species in seven genera:

• Centrolophus Black fish ( Centrolophus niger) ( Gmelin, 1789).

• Hyperoglyphe antarctica ( Carmichael, 1819).
• Hyperoglyphe bythites ( Ginsburg, 1954).
• Hyperoglyphe japonica ( Döderlein, 1884).
• Hyperoglyphe macrophthalma ( Miranda - Ribeiro, 1915).
• Hyperoglyphe perciformis ( Mitchill, 1818).
• Hyperoglyphe pringlei (Smith, 1949).

• Icichthys australis ( Haedrich, 1966).
• Icichthys lockingtoni ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1880).

• Psenopsis anomala ( Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
• Psenopsis cyanea ( Alcock, 1890).
• Psenopsis humerosa ( Munro, 1958).
• Psenopsis intermedia ( Piotrovsky, 1987).
• Psenopsis obscura ( Haedrich, 1967).
• Psenopsis shojimai ( Ochiai & Mori, 1965).

• Schedophilus griseolineatus (Norman, 1937).
• Schedophilus haedrichi ( Chirichigno F., 1973).
• Schedophilus huttoni ( Waite, 1910).
• Schedophilus maculatus ( Günther, 1860).
• Schedophilus medusophagus ( Cocco, 1839).
• Schedophilus ovalis ( Cuvier, 1833).
• Schedophilus pemarco (Poll, 1959).
• Schedophilus velaini ( Sauvage, 1879).

• Seriolella brama ( Günther, 1860).
• Seriolella caerulea ( Guichenot, 1848).
• Seriolella porosa ( Richardson, 1845).
• Seriolella tinro ( Gavrilov, 1973).
• Seriolella violacea ( Guichenot, 1848).

• Tubbia stewarti Last et al., 2013.
• Tubbia tasmanica ( Whitley, 1943).

The Centrolophidae are probably not monophyletic with the inclusion of the genus Psenopsis. Psenopsis should instead be the primitive sister group of a clade of common Amarsipidae, Ariommatidae, Nomeidae, Stromateidae and Tetragonuridae.