Metalloproteinase

Metalloproteases ( formerly: metallopeptidases ) are enzymes capable of cleaving peptide bonds of a protein (protein ) ( proteolysis ), wherein one molecule of water is consumed (hydrolysis) and the water molecule, one or two metal cations is maintained in position. The metal ion is bound to the enzyme associated with amino acid side residues.

  • 2.1 matrix metalloproteinases
  • 2.2 ADAM metalloproteases
  • 2.3 Further Examples

Classification

A first rough classification of metalloproteases can happen in metalloendopeptidases ( metalloproteinases ) and Metalloexopeptidasen ( metallopeptidases in the narrower / more recent sense ) by type of proteolysis.

Classification according to UniProt / MEROPS

The UniProt Consortium regularly publishes a list of peptidases which categorizes these enzymes according to their evolutionary descent. The data in the list are provided with quality information, in the MEROPS database available. Closely related molecules are grouped into families whose identifiers consist of a character ( 'M' for metalloproteases ) and a number. Families in turn belong to clans whose families are related. Clan identifiers instead of numbers have a letter.

There are 54 metalloprotease families in 15 clans (as of 2008), where the clan MA with 39 families play a great importance. Only 19 of these 39 families can be assigned to the neutral zinc metallopeptidases.

Examples

The following are the most important human metalloproteases:

Matrix metalloproteinases

A special type metalloproteases are matrix metalloproteases. Their classification can be done in

  • Collagenases
  • Gelatinases
  • Stromelysins

In the MEROPS system matrix metalloproteases are fully included in the family M10A.

ADAM metalloproteases

Researchers at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz have recently shown in mice that the plaques formed in Alzheimer 's disease, may be dissolved by a specific metalloprotease. The ADAM metalloproteases ADAM10, a so-called α -secretase may prevent the emergence of such β - amyloid deposits in the brain. It is a metalloprotease, which is active in the synapses healthy nerve cells.

ADAM metalloproteases belong completely to the MEROPS family M12.

Other examples

  • Aminopeptidase A ( glutamyl- aminopeptidase, M1)
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme ( M2)
  • Neuro- lysine ( M3)
  • MMP20 (M10 )
  • Meprin A ( M12A )
  • Neprilysin (M13 )
  • Carboxypeptidase A1 ( M14)
  • Insulinase (M16 )
  • Leucine aminopeptidase (M17 )
  • Renal dipeptidase (M19 )
  • Methionine aminopeptidase 1 ( M24 )
  • CAAX Prenylprotease 1 ( M48 )

Important metalloproteases other living beings:

  • Botulinum toxin (Botox, M27 )
  • Tetanus toxin ( M27 )
  • Presequence protease ( M16)
  • Bitisgabonine subunit
Thermolysin DD-transpeptidase Insulin-degrading enzyme Senile Plaques A disintegrin and metalloproteinase Leucyl aminopeptidase
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