Micro Black Hole

The Micro Black Hole ( English for " micro black hole " ) is a hypothetical, very small and lightweight black hole.

Mid-1970s, Roger Penrose introduced a presumption black holes could be produced in the laboratory. There are theories according to which it is possible with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC ), which was put into operation on 10 September 2008, to produce such black holes to once per second. However, this presupposes the existence of additional compact spatial dimensions, which, inter alia, predicted by some models of string theory.

Such black holes would be significantly less than stellar black holes, which are cosmologically observed. Its size will lie in the order of elementary particles. On the basis of quantum effects ( Hawking radiation) they would most likely be a very short time after its creation annihilated again. The emerging elementary particles could be detected by particle detectors. According to the current state of research in this field, the resulting particle showers ( jets) isotropic would be distributed as those arising in the collision of high-energy particles, and therefore to be distinguished from them.

Existence

All sizes are given in natural units.

According to the theory of black holes are Schwarzschild radius and mass of a black hole proportional to each other. Because it is expected that below the Planck length, quantum effects become dominant and can not form stable black holes exist anymore, there is thus a lower limit for the mass of a black hole, which in 1016 TeV ( 10-8 kg = 0.01 mg ) is. This allows the production of black holes in the laboratory once seem impossible, since the maximum attainable energy in the largest particle accelerator (LHC the ) is only a few TeV, ie 16 orders of magnitude too little.

This picture, however, changes when one extends the theory of so-called large extra- dimensions (Eng. " large extra dimensions "). Term refers to compact extra spatial dimensions, where the " large" ( evidenced by less than a millimeter, even more are already observations excluded ) to be understood in relation to other theories such additional dimensions. arise naturally in many models of string theory.

Under this condition changed the law of gravitation, as soon as you reach energies which correspond to the radius of extra dimensions. This will alter the mass scale above which the existence of black holes is possible:

Where the Planck mass is the number of extra dimensions, the new fundamental mass scale and the radius of the extra dimensions.

If one takes, for example, that three extra dimensions exist with a radius of about 1 eV -1, a mass of about 0.16 TeV for the effective Planck mass and thus the possibility of black holes in the laboratory results to produce.

A further possibility is that black holes form with components of the atmosphere in the collision of cosmic radiation. This could not be demonstrated so far progress can be achieved in the future, perhaps by 2004 was put into operation Pierre Auger Observatory.

Lifetime

The lifetime of such small black holes would probably be extremely short, since, as probably all black holes that lose postulated by Stephen Hawking radiation Hawking radiation, to ground and eventually evaporate should. Since the lifetime is proportional to the cube of the mass, resulting in small black holes can not be observed a short lifetime. Undetectable they would potentially be created during its decay through the elementary particles. However, it is not clear whether the Hawking effect without modification is also applicable in this case because its derivation is based on a negligible curvature of the event horizon, that is, to " sufficiently " large mass.

It is believed that the decomposition takes place in several stages. How this exactly is going on and whether there is a " relic " or the decay takes place fully, is the subject of current research and not fully understood. So is currently evaluating the possible formation and decay in the recently commissioned in the LHC.