Mise of Amiens
The Mise of Amiens (franz: Dit d' Amiens, German: spell of Amiens ) from the year 1264 was an attempt by the constitutional conflict between King Henry III. of England and the English barons opposition to Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, peaceful settlement.
Background
In the summer of 1258 the English barons forced, led by Simon de Montfort, of King Henry III. the sworn acknowledgment of the commission of Oxford, in which the king had the barons grant far-reaching political concessions. The decisions of Oxford 1259 expanded with the commission of Westminster.
With the support of Pope Alexander IV, the king tried to revise this he wrested reform provisions. 1261 released him from his oath and the Pope in 1263, Pope Urban IV, the commission of Oxford invalid. This led the king in a constitutional conflict with the barons, which gradually escalated into a civil war.
The verdict
In order to avert an armed confrontation, the parties agreed to the French King Louis IX. ( Saint Louis) to request an arbitration award in this matter, because the enjoyed the borders of France and beyond the call to be a peacemaker. In December 1263 traveled King Henry III. with his sons to the einberaumten on January 23, 1264 meeting in the French Amiens. Montfort himself had to cancel his participation because he fell on his way to his ship at Catesby from his horse and broke his femur. The baronialle party was instead represented by his son Henry and the young Humphrey de Bohun.
The motivations of the parties, especially for Montfort to ask the verdict of the French king are controversially discussed in historical research. Even his contemporaries was well aware that King Louis IX. in this matter could be anything other than a neutral arbiter. For one, he and Henry III were. verschwägert on their wives to each other. But most of all was Louis IX. known as Mehrer of royalty, had brought in his reign, the governing and legislative power of the French crown over their own vassals much to bear - an attitude that is contrary to state the motives of the English opposition that wanted to reach a power-sharing of their king. Something other than a judgment in favor of his English counterpart would be of Louis IX. not have been expected. Probably but Montfort had speculated thereto whereby King Henry III. Reputation among the more sympathetic to him barons of England to harm, by the king 's weakness against his opponents revealed and had to plead with a foreign monarch for help against them. At the same time could Montfort position himself and his party as the only guardian of an independent policy of England to the Pope and the King of France.
King Louis IX. Verdict was expected. After both parties listened, he explained all the English king abgenötigten contracts null and void. You would have deprived the English Crown in power and glory and brought the country strife. He forbade the further based on the commission legislation and urged the English barons on to their king to hand over all held strong places. However, Louis IX declared. this also means that all charters and charters which were issued prior to 1258 (including the Magna Carta ), are not affected by this judgment and that a general amnesty for all previous happened should be pronounced.
The verdict was in March 1264 by Pope Urban IV recognized a little later.
Follow
The ruling was welcomed by the English barons immediately rejected. Even before Henry III. had returned to England, Montfort had called his followers to fight against him. In the battle of Lewes 14th May 1264, he won a complete victory over the king. In December 1264 then called Mont fort named after him De Montfort's -Parliament, which met for the first time on January 20, 1265. Thus, the first all-encompassing Parliament European history was formed. Only a year later, Montfort fell against the Royal under the Crown Prince Edward Plantagenet at the Battle of Evesham.