Mohsin Ahmad al-Aini
Muhsin Ahmad al - ʿ Aini ( born October 20, 1932 in Bani Bahloul, North Yemen), (Arabic محسن أحمد العيني ) occasionally Mohsen Ahmed el- Ainy, al - Ayni or Alaini transcribed, is a Yemeni politician and Arab socialist. Between 1962 and 1975 he was foreign minister five times and four times Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic ( North Yemen ).
Life and work
After studying at the Sorbonne in Paris (1956-1957) and at the Faculty of Law, Cairo University (1952-1959) Muhsin al - Aini worked until 1961 as a teacher in Aden ( South Yemen ) and was active there from 1960 in the anti-colonial movement against union British rule. From 1961 the British expelled from Aden, he went as a delegate of the trade union federation to return to Egypt. In Cairo, he joined the Baath Arab Socialist Party and formed an alliance with the moderate Nasserist. Since 1962, he is married to Aziza Abulahom (Abu Luhum ), Al - Aini Schwager and most important supporters Sinan Abu Luhum was for many years Governor of the port city of al - Hudaydah. Under the Bakil the Federation or to Nihm strain ( Nahm ) belonging Luhum clan both al - Aini and the Baath Party had their power base and power base. However, he later claimed in his biography
"I have never been a representative of any political party, tribe, group or coalition "
After the fall of the Imam monarchy in Northern Yemen, it was in September 1962 first under President Abdullah as- Sallal Foreign Minister of the newly established Yemeni Arab Republic, but was sent back in December as the first Permanent Representative of the new Republic to the United Nations. He stayed UN officials until May 1965, when he was briefly re-appointed as Foreign Minister Ahmad Muhammad Numan's cabinet and first peace talks with the since 1962 fighting against the Republic of royalists led. However, the appeal Numan and al - Aini strained relations with Yemen to Nasser. After Numan had resigned because of internal political differences with as- Sallal, al - Aini was from July 1965 then again only UN representative (until 1966).
With the fall Sallals al - Aini was born on November 5, 1967 for the first time Prime Minister under the new President Abdul Rahman al - Iriani, but displaced already on 21 December 1967 by Hassan al - Amri and again sent to the UN. From 1968 to 1970 he was ambassador to the Soviet Union. In between, he had received on 29 July 1969 the job again to form a government after al - Amri had resigned. But al - Aini could bring together a stable government in Sanaa, so that al - Amri Deputy Prime Minister Abdul Salam Sabrah further officiated until finally on September 2, 1969 Abdullah Kurshumi formed a government and al - Aini returned to Moscow. In al - Aini second term as prime minister and foreign minister of 5 February 1970 to 26 February 1971, the peace agreement coincided with the royalists (May 1970). The declared aim of al - Aini was the cooperation of all moderate political forces through a reconciliation between republicans and royalists. The royalists acknowledged the Republic, al - Aini took in return five of their representative in his cabinet on.
Initially displaced from al - Amri again and deported as ambassador to France, he was again to al- Amri resignation on September 18, 1971 Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. Al- Aini Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister, General Ibrahim al- Hamdi. In this term, a new constitution initially fell ( December 1971 ), a less successful campaign against addiction to qat chewing and in the summer of 1972, a worsening of relations with the People 's Democratic Republic of Yemen ( South Yemen ), but then a reconciliation and even an agreement to unite both Yemen ( November 1972 ), but that, inter alia, was not realized due to the renewed dismissal al - Aini on December 30, 1972. Still on 18 and 21 December 1972 North Yemen had established diplomatic relations with the GDR under al - Aini.
Al- Aini was first appointed to the Supreme Command Council in 1973 ambassador to Great Britain, but after al - Irianis crash on June 22, 1974 by the new head of state, Ibrahim al - Hamdi again as Prime Minister in October. The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy of his predecessor, Hassan Muhammad Makki, took over Al- Aini initially (until October 1974). In foreign policy, took al - Aini a course of non-alignment, Yemen remained financially dependent on Saudi Arabia. The resistance pro- Saudi, feudal forces of the local tribes against al- Aini anti - corruption measures and its centralization efforts led on 16 January 1975 finally to the final overthrow al - Aini ( for alleged proägytischer inclinations ).
Al- Aini instead was again ambassador to France ( to 1976 ) and the UN (until 1981 ) before he was in November 1981 as Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany and then sent (until August 1984) in the United States (until 1997). After the unification of the two Yemen ( 1990) remained al - Aini Ambassador of the entire Yemen. Finally, it President Ali Abdullah Saleh appointed in 1997 a member of the Shura Council (a kind advice elder statesmen ).
With his wife Aziza (* 1945) has Muhsin al - Aini has two sons, two daughters and six grandchildren.
The Fischer World Almanac and Munzinger archive categorized al - Aini as moderate socialists, according to the Bidwell Baathism was closer to the British Orientalists Robin Leonard as the Nasserism. Bidwell certified al - Aini the best and most honest reform intentions. He called al - Aini as very sociable, tolerant and diplomatically skillful man to whom the ambition and ruthlessness were missing in order to keep on top.