Mortar (firestop)

The mortar in today's version is with the conventional mortar as it is mixed individually on the sites locally and by hand, no longer comparable and also differs in important application properties from the plaster. For the majority portion of the wall mortar that is used today is factory - dry mortar. The various mortar manufacturers have greatly optimized the recipes from experience and conditions of use out and matched their properties to the intended use. The basic requirements for these mortars are regulated in Germany by DIN 18 557.

The starting materials of the production of mortar are binders, aggregates and additives or agents. These are added already dosed the plant dry mortar in the production factory and according to manufacturer's instructions. On construction sites, in mixers that are mounted on Trockenmörtelsilo, with the addition of the indicated amount of water from the dry mortar manufacturer of fresh mortar required quality consistently, effectively and also human resources and less effort made ​​.

Plant dry mortar

Work masonry mortar is according DIN 1053 ( masonry DIN) in three mortar groups (MG) ​​and distinguished two subgroups according to compressive strength of masonry erected.

Since the dependent stabilities and many other features of the building by the various masonry mortar, the calculations and design guidelines in the " masonry " DIN are regulated in detail 1053. For example, should as a binder for mortar only cements according to DIN 1164 and calcium oxide ( builder's lime ) according to DIN 1060, however, for combined plaster and masonry mortar only binder in accordance with DIN 4211 ( or similar officially approved binder ) are used. Also, the sand used is standardized in detail by appropriate DIN regulations, to pass the building approval and monitoring.

Dry mortar (also applies to dry concrete ) is not dependent on a scheduling delivery and processing, as opposed to ready-mix concrete, but the use should be timely, because the life is a maximum of 3 to 12 months. With availability in hardware stores and the specialist Building Materials to use in the reconstruction, for repair work and renovation of old buildings are given a variety of ways. Apart from the exactly matching the addition of water, a constant quality is also guaranteed if the user has no knowledge about the production of mortar and the mixing ratio of the aggregates.

Of the various types of mortars Here are the most important and widespread:

Facing mortar

Masonry mortar is offered in two large groups.

Facing mortar is used for the brick lining as bricks, exposed masonry or exposed joints. Due to the different highly absorbent stones in this area mortar for highly absorbent (water absorption greater than 10 wt %), for slightly absorbent (water absorption 4-10 wt%) and non-absorbent facing bricks (water absorption less than 4 wt %) offered.

The face brickwork is always executed and sealed joints in one operation. Is a visible joint is required, this example is streaked with a piece of old water hose to ensure the joint sealed to the outside and is uniform.

Clay mortar

Clay mortar is usually referred to as the actual masonry mortar, as this will be used in the actual brickwork for shock and horizontal joints. Due to the different types of stone wall is also a distinction here between lime, cement and mortar mixing. The mortar is necessary in each case specified by the stone manufacturer.

Lightweight masonry mortar

Also the lightweight masonry mortar is a clay mortar. This is primarily used in the bricking up of highly insulating wall materials ( thermal conductivity 0.2 W / mK). This use is also important to avoid unwanted heat bridges in the joint area. The percentage of joints in solid masonry here is considerable, and regularly represents the most common structural defects, eg if with a large difference in the thermal conductivity of the mortar used and the masonry, the joints emerge. Most manufacturers of lightweight bricks offer therefore compatible with the system in a coordinated mortar as a package.

Thin-bed mortar

Thin-bed mortar (thickness 2 mm ) are in bricks with high dimensional accuracy and flatness ( / - 1.0 mm) applied (eg, flat blocks of aerated concrete, brick). The mortar is applied using special tool (eg mortar carriage ). A further possibility is the so-called dipping method. Where the rock is submerged to the bottom in the mortar and then mixed. However, compared to mortar application with the mortar carriage the order quantity is hardly controllable.

The application of thin-bed mortar is colloquially known as " bonding " and is a very efficient method for high-quality masonry dar. Since the mortar is usually a much smaller strength than the masonry units, masonry in thin-bed method is much more durable than conventional masonry with mortar method ( Normal mortar / lightweight mortar ). Compared to the thick-bed mortar significantly less mortar at construction sites is needed. Mixing, transport and order are therefore much cheaper.

In the back wall area represents the thin-bed method nowadays the most widely used method dar. Wall

Ready grouts

The usual way of laying bricks exposed brickwork is the vollfugige mortaring the shock and horizontal joints with subsequent joints smooth line ( also referred to as " walls in its own juice "). Alternatively finished grout for subsequent disposal are offered. Here, the visible joints before complete curing up to 15 mm depth scraped again, cleaned and finished with tile grout ( grout ) and a special pointing trowel subsequently grouted. For the different facade designs also finished grouts are available in different colors by the industry and trade.

Channel and Schachtbaumörtel

This type of mortar is necessary for the high requirements of channel, bay and Sielarbeiten and is rewarded with very high-quality binders and mineral aggregates in mortar group III. Can be used but it is also for all other masonry and plastering work.

Roofers mortar

The roofer mortar used for laying the ridge and Traufziegel. And the ridge tiles, is installed at the locations, where no fan is first installed with this mortar.

The roofer mortar belongs to the mortar group II and has a high adhesive and adhesion, and high elasticity. Roofers mortar is prepared by clogging of cementitious fiber and weather resistant synthetic fibers to improve adhesion to fired bricks and the water retention capacity. At the same time he must also fulfill the hardened state, given on the building roof increased demands on tensile strength, elasticity and water vapor diffusion openness.

Other dry mortar

In particular, for the creation and the reconstruction of stone masonry mortars are special needs and offered it according to the individual requirements as pointing, filling and spraying mortar. This can also be used with the support of relevant processing machines.

To build a glass block mortar according to DIN 4242 is used because it must have a higher density. The binder is here cement the DIN 1164, as are Portland cement, Portland slag cement and slag cement. This the cement content may then improve the suppleness hydrated lime according to DIN 1060 and DIN 51 043 trass up to 20 % can be attached. This is subject to how the 28-day concrete compressive strength rule and must be in any case at least 12 N / mm ².

Another localized area of ​​application is the use of special dry mortar in mining. It is mentioned only briefly because of its limited distribution here.

Also required for the installation of tiles different tile adhesives and repairing and sealing mortar are a type of dry mortar.

As an adjuvant for micro and winter construction special mortars are needed, which are counted because of their compositions and grain sizes to the area dry concrete.

Swelling mortar is used to connect on refurbishment bricks newly appointed non-positively to the existing wall. Due to special additives its volume does not reduce during setting, but it is increasing. This behavior is otherwise known only from the plaster.

Injection mortar are used to toughen the monument renovation existing walls or to make waterproof. They are sprayed with the aid of a pump used in the wall by " packer " in the spaces between the stones. Injection mortar often only contain rock flour as an additive or no surcharges. In order to better adapt the compressive strength and other properties of the injection mortar to the existing building materials, foam injection mortar are recently used.

Werkvormörtel

The Werkvormörtel (also called plant - wet mortar ) is the largely well-known masonry mortar. He is, for example, pre-mixed and offered by smaller -mixed concrete plants with binders. This is available only as a mortar group I and he is on construction sites for a long time without hardening storable. With the addition of cement that will be converted into a mortar MG MG II or IIa, the amount and the type of cement by the manufacturer of Werkvormörtel is specified on the delivery note. With the simultaneous addition of water required for processing consistency ( the Maurer says suppleness ) is set. Here, the experienced bricklayer uses its own values ​​by feel, with the inexperienced handyman gets it pretty well mixed after a little practice.

A refinement of Werkvormörtel ( the factory has added to the number of binder) in a MG III is no longer possible because the MG III according to DIN 1053 as a binder exclusively cement may be added. Thus, this Werkvormörtel can not be used in particular in the brickwork, as it can not meet the necessary strength requirements. A subsequent addition of all sorts of additives and / or surcharges commercially available is also inadmissible or not recommended, as this will change the values ​​of the building authority aptitude test of the manufacturer and the building material loses its authorization and therefore any warranty claims.

Over and above a dose of adding water no rules, but the water may be added, especially in winter, no so-called frost preventer, since they alter the physical values ​​and Aushärtungsabläufe uncontrollable.

Ready-mixed mortar

The ready-mixed mortar is a pre -mixed building material which is (similar to the principle of ready-mixed concrete vehicles) ready for processing produced and delivered to the construction sites of ready-mix concrete plants by special vehicles. Due to its already existing aggregates this can then only for a short time be finally processed (usually within 16 hours ) and is therefore only used where these immediate processing is also guaranteed. An insert in the DIY sector is rather an exception for these reasons.

This ready-mixed mortar are also attached ingredients that delay the Ansteifungs and setting- start unprocessed. Therefore, this mortar is subject in addition to masonry DIN also the standard for mortars (DIN 18 557 ), but which governs the admissibility of certain additives and special binders also the rules of the forms of delivery in a variety directory must be listed mandatory on the delivery note.

Important contents of such a variety directory specification are therefore:

• Type of binder and the aggregates
• Assignment to a mortar group according to DIN 1053 Part 1 and Part 2
• The application guidelines in accordance with DIN 18 550
• The number of varieties
• The mode of action of the additive ( delay times, etc. )
• Additional properties (eg, water- resistant, water repellent, etc.)

Furthermore, the ready-mixed mortar has to fulfill a contradictory property by true long stay in the mortar vessel soft, but after the introduction to cure very rapidly into the masonry. This peculiarity is called green strength, and is achieved by a concerted addition of additives by the manufacturer. This obviously has to know in advance to be processed at any kind of masonry mortar in order to take into account the different strengths, climatic conditions and the construction site side stones used.

Manufacturer

• Bayosan
• Dyckerhoff
• Hasit
• HBT fire protection mortar
• Ceresit
• Holcim
• Maxit
• REDI Spezialbaustoffe
• RÖFIX
• Sakret
• Wopfinger building materials industry ( baumit )