Mumpsvirus

The mumps virus ( formerly called paramyxovirus parotitis ) is a only in humans occurring virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and is the causative agent of mumps ( epidemic parotitis ). The virus could be propagated and characterized in 1945 by John Franklin Enders in embryonated chicken eggs for the first time. ; In 1954, the then unusual morphology of the mumps virus was first investigated in the electron microscope. Mumps virus has a lipid-containing viral envelope, which surrounds an entangled arranged, helical capsid. This structure explains the sensitivity of mumps virus to mild soaps and dehydration. The virus is spread as a single serotype worldwide and has no animal reservoir.

Morphology

The virion of mumps virus appears round to irregular with a mean diameter of 150 nm in the viral envelope are two envelope proteins (F1 and F2), of which the F1 has a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity. F1 and F2 are deposited together as a heterodimer, and form the so active fusion protein to enter the cell. The inside of the casing is covered by a matrix protein that allows the assembly of the virus particle to the cell membrane at the outlet. The helical capsid enclosing the viral RNA, and consists of four capsid proteins, the majority of the N protein (N: nucleocapsid ). The presence of the N protein is also required for the transcription of the viral RNA. Inside the virion additional molecule of the viral RNA polymerase is packaged in order to synthesize a complementary ( ) RNA in the cell immediately after the occurrence.

Genome

The genome of mumps virus is a single stranded linear RNA with negative polarity (ss (-) RNA), and a length of 15384 nt. The genome includes nine open reading frames ( ORF), encoding eight viral proteins. ORFs are arranged one after the other without overlapping and are separated by short non-coding regions. Are neither a 5' -cap structure nor a poly -A tail at the ends of the RNA strand.

Subtypes and vaccine strains

Worldwide, several genetically slightly different subtypes of mumps virus were isolated, but differ in either the disease even in the serological reaction; the mumps virus is so despite small variations present in only one serotype worldwide. Some natural or cultured in cell culture strains are used in a weaker form than live attenuated vaccine for the vaccination. In Germany, the vaccine is produced mostly from the strain Jeryl - Lynn, who is propagated in embryonated chicken eggs. While the mumps infection leaves a life-long immunity, can the unique vaccination such not always induce. The specific antibodies (IgG ) against the mumps virus in their plasma concentrations decrease very rapidly are often poorly or not at all detectable in the current test method over several years; this disappearance of the detectability of mumps IgG is not necessarily a sign of not existing cellular immunity.

  • Species mumps virus ( MuV ) Subtype mumps virus strain Belfast
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Bristol
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Edinburg 2
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Edinburg 4
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Edinburg 6
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Enders
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Kilham
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Matsuyama
  • Subtype mumps virus strain RW
  • Subtype mumps virus strain SBL
  • Subtype mumps virus strain SBL -1
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Takahashi
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Jeryl -Lynn
  • Subtype mumps virus strain L -Zagreb
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Urabe
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Miyahara vaccine
  • Subtype mumps virus strain Urabe vaccine AM9

Swell

  • S. Mordrow, D. Falke, U. Truyen: Molecular Virology, Heidelberg Berlin, 2nd edition 2003
  • RA Lamb, PL Collins et al. Genus Rubulavirus. In: C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo et al.: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, London, San Diego, 2005, pp. 659f
Mononegavirales Virus classification National Center for Biotechnology Information RNA-Polymerase
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