Neottia nidus-avis

Neottia ( Neottia nidus avis )

The Neottia ( Neottia nidus avis ) is a plant of the genus nest Wurzen ( Neottia ) in the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). It is blattgrünlos and occurs in almost all of Europe. The name goes back to the bird nest-like shape of the root stock.

To draw attention to the particular vulnerability of this kind, the bird - nest orchid was selected by the Working Group on Indigenous orchids orchid of the year 2002.

Description

The plant lives mykoheterotroph and does not engage in photosynthesis. The Neottia is persistent, and 20 to 35 (rarely to 60) inches high. The whole plant is usually yellowish brown, reminiscent of oak. The basic axis is strong, cylindric, horizontal. The creeping rhizome is covered with numerous, thickened fibers, the ends of which can form adventitious buds, which later grow above ground shoots. The roots are numerous, meaty and intertwined, arranged nest -like and without root hairs. The stem is thick, erect, grooved, leather yellow to light brown, glabrous above or sideways more or less glandular hairy, with four to five adjacent, sheath-like, lance-shaped leaves shed. This can develop into a real leaf blade occasionally. The inflorescence is floriferous, often prolonged, usually at the bottom loose, the lowest flowers are, however, sometimes removed, Upper ward tight. The bracts are linear - lanceolate, acuminate, about half as long as the bald or glandular - hairy, stalked ovary, whose handle is rotated.

The flowers are of medium size, upright, honey scented, brown, light brown or light gray-brown. The tepals almost helmet-shaped together eigend; the outer ones are designed pretty much the same hemispherical spreading, front sometimes slightly crenate - toothed, the inner side slightly narrower, at the bottom a little wedge-shaped. The labellum is slightly longer than the other tepals ( 0.5 to 1.2 inches long ), hollowed out at the bottom a little baggy, spreading, towards the tip in two laterally spreading, almost crescent shaped, front often denticulate lobes divided. At the base of the labellum there are fine nectar glands. The small columns is almost perpendicular to the labellum, is quite long and designed almost cylindric. The heart-shaped and bicompartmental dust bag is on the column slightly to the rear. The four pollen-masses contained therein are bright yellow and powdery and attached to a very small, watery shiny viscid. The fruit capsule is oval, with six beaded edges, glabrous or more or less glandular hairy.

The flowering period is May to July.

Ecology

The Neottia is a so-called full parasites ( Holoparasit ). It is almost without chlorophyll, and their stomata are sparse and functional. Your rhizome is strong, with numerous nest -like interwoven, fleshy roots. The plant needs to Blühreife about 9 years. After flowering, the rhizome breaks often from the center, and it evolve emanating from marginal roots daughter plants that get after a few years to Blühreife. Root hairs missing, instead supplies the fungus the plant completely with water, mineral nutrients and assimilates; it is therefore a myco - heterotrophy. The outer layers of the root cortex have fungal hyphae within the cell, so it is a endotrophic Mycorrhiza of Orchids type; in the more inner layers of the fungal hyphae are digested. The plant is therefore not a saprophyte but it parasitizes the fungus. Since this same time as ektotropher mycorrhizal fungus in contact with the roots of trees, eg stands of beech, the organic compounds derived ultimately from the trees; one talks of Epiparasitismus.

The flowers are inconspicuous vormännlichen -scented honey " lip Flowers" from the orchid type. A spur is missing, the nectary is located in a saccular bulge of the rear part of the lip. The powdery pollen is little contiguous. At the rostellum to smear the pollinators, especially flies, with the adhesive composition of a given here Leimtropfens, with the aid of which pollen adheres to the animals. Self-pollination is effected by pollen, which falls down to the scar. The plant is also kleistogam and blooms, and then fertilized underground or geokarp. The flowering period is May to July.

The fruits are capsules that open in the dry state by longitudinal gaps and act as wind and animal shakers. Dried fruit stalks often remain for years to receive. The tiny seeds are elongated grains flyer. Fruit ripening is from August to October.

Vegetative propagation occurs by the shoots formed at the ends of the roots.

Occurrence

It is native except for the northernmost Scandinavia across Europe, but extends far out to Russia and the Caucasus.

As the site shaded, nutrient-rich beech and mixed deciduous forests are preferred. In the Alps, it rises to 1500 meters. In Germany it is called upon less frequently from the south to the north. Throughout the 20th century the type was in Germany back mainly by intensive forest management. Regional she is at risk here.

System

The species has been known for vorlinneischer time and was validated by Linnaeus in 1753 Ophrya nidus avis. Louis Claude Marie Richard on the way then put 1818 in his De Orchideis Europaeis Annotationes in the genus Neottia. Genus and species name (the former Greek, Latin latter ) are synonymous and mean in German just " (bird ) nest orchid ".

The Vladimir Komarov in 1901 first described the variety var manshurica is today no longer recognized and instead synonymized with the type Neottia papilligera.

Gallery

Flowers and buds

With visitors

In the winter

Neottia, flowers

Evidence

Footnotes directly after a statement prove this single statement, footnotes directly after a punctuation mark the entire preceding sentence. Footnotes behind a vacancy refer to the entire preceding text.