Neuritis

As neuritis is known in medicine inflammation of a peripheral nerve or cranial nerve. In a broader sense, degenerative, toxic or resulting from trauma disorders are referred to as neuritis. Are many nerves are affected, it is called a polyneuritis or polyneuropathy, the disorder of a single nerve is called mononeuritis. Inflammation of the nerve roots is called radiculitis. Disorders of peripheral nerves without inflammation is called neuropathy, irritation without apparent morphological damage neuralgia.

Classification

Following the pattern of involvement, a distinction:

• Distal Symmetric neuritis
• Schwerpunktneuritis
• Mononeuritis multiplex ( the staggered illness of several individual nerves)

According to the cause (etiology ), a distinction:

• Infectious (especially viral infections),
• Traumatic ( mechanical trauma ),
• Toxic ( by poisons )
• Dystrophic ( dystrophy ),
• Thermally induced ( Kälteneuritis )
• Neuro- allergic (allergic )
• Ischemic (ischemia) and
• Idiopathic (unknown cause, idiopathic ) neuritis, here is the term neuropathy in use

According to the histological changes, a distinction:

• Interstitial neuritis: In the interstitial neuritis exudation and proliferation of Bindegewebshüllen a nerve (epi -, peri-and endoneurium ) dominate. It comes to an edema of the connective tissue fibers to a loosening of the myelin sheaths, the migration of inflammatory cells and secondary to a proliferation of Bindegewebsanteile. This occurs particularly in the form of infectious - inflammatory processes.
• Parenchymal neuritis: In the parenchymatous neuritis a breakdown of the myelin sheaths of individual segments and sometimes takes a disintegration of the axons and degeneration in the descending direction. This form is to be observed particularly for toxic nerve damage.

Clinic

A neuritis manifests itself in a flaccid paralysis of the innervated by the affected nerve muscles with prolonged survival in muscle atrophy. Further occur to sensitive deficits and possibly autonomic disorders.

Special forms

• Apoplectiform neuritis ( damage caused by blood flow in the brachial plexus )
• Fazialisneuritis: viral or toxic induced damage to the facial nerve
• Guillain -Barré syndrome: infectious polyneuritis or polyradiculitis, fatal paralysis Landry - possible
• Neuritis acustica toxica ( Hörnervenschädigung )
• Neuritis diabetic nerve damage in diabetes
• Neuritis hypertrophicans: tumor-like thickening of the connective tissue with subsequent nerve damage
• Neuritis migrans ( Wartenberg 's syndrome)
• Neuritis multiplex: apparently at random at various points occurring
• Optic neuritis: neuritis of the optic nerve ( optic nerve )
• Eichhorst 's disease
• Vestibular neuritis ( vestibular neuropathy )