Nib (pen)

The pen (also drawing pen ) is a writing and drawing device. With the pen ink is applied to paper, vellum, fabric, or other writing materials mostly. The spring is held for better handling of a pen. Springs for different applications and purposes will be explained and shown u.

According to the type of writing produced coating different types of nibs can be distinguished.

History

Bird feathers replaced in Europe since the 4th century AD for writing on parchment the reed ( calamus ) as a writing instrument. For this was the tapered center bar of a flight feather, mostly used by geese, the quill. He had frequently be cut shorter with a sharp pen knife (hence today the ' small blade ' at pocket knives ). In other cultures, such as the Hebrew and Arabic script, on the other hand pipe springs remained common, which were cut from reeds, for example. With the invention of spring steel lost bird feathers and pipe in importance. Only glass was occasionally used (see below glass spring).

The first steel nib ( " Aachener steel spring " ) invented in 1748 the Aachen Mayor John Janssen, but only a hundred years later, they became more widespread. 1822 began the mass production of steel springs in England. In the English spring steel production " Schraubpressen used, similar to those which have already been used in the Knopfmacherei long time. These punching machines were out of the possible thinly rolled steel strips tons of steel springs ( by a quick press to 28000 per day) to be cut out. " In the 1830s, the steel springs came up in Hamburg and 1842, the quills were there, abolished in the early schools. In the same year Heintze & Blanckertz was founded as the first German nib factory, with it began the industrial production of nibs in Germany.

A modern development of the fountain pen, the spring and spring holder, together with an ink tank ( filled with a plunger mechanism ) or an ink cartridge together in a common device, so that the immersion in a colorant is omitted. The design principle of the spring itself is the same here, and in high quality fountain pens, the springs can actually change in other goods, it would usually be possible, but is not usual.

Nib

The use of Bandzugfedern, also broad nib or Wechselzugfeder called, enables fonts with direction-dependent changes in the line width. The maximum line width corresponds to the spring width. There are oblique and straight Bandzugfedern that give different weights depending on the angle of the spring approach to the writing direction.

Examples:

• Broad- edged tailored Quills
• Steel wide spring after Blankertz

Bandzugfedern were and are typically used in calligraphy.

Pointed nib

The pointed pen, also Schwellzugfeder, is a pen that can generate by their elasticity at different writing pressure a typeface with rising and falling lines, the so-called Schwellzug.

The steel pointed pen spread from England, where it was used to write the so-called English cursive ( anglaise ), to Germany. The writing of the German cursive hand had been shaped by centuries of the spitz spring.

The pointed pen has not as common today nibs at the end of a small ball, but runs in a sharp, longitudinal slotted tip. This design requires a special writing technique. When performing a recovery, that is, when pushing the spring upward, only a very small pressure on the pen tip must be exercised because the spring would otherwise remain stuck in the paper. In the downturn, that is, when pulling the spring down, a greater pressure is exerted on the spring, thereby spreads the spring tip and the more ink is released. This creates a stronger line on the downswing as the recovery. It is also important that when writing with the pointed pen, the spring retainer is held at the correct angle.

Pointed nibs are available only for spring holder without Tintenfüllsystem ( ink cartridges or Piston ). For fountain pen they are no longer available because they are no longer common in this day and age for everyday use in the rule.

Gleichzugfeder (ball pointed pen )

The invention of the Gleichzugfeder, also Linienzugfeder or ball pointed pen, by Friedrich Soennecken enabled the development of the fonts used today with the same line width. It is the writing tool, the need to learn any of the usual starting today scriptures is possible. The spring has a spherical head, and with its use in school today most widely used writing pen. She sat down together with the tuned on them Sütterlinschrift in the 1920s compared with the pointed feathers. The writing is thereby substantially robust to different attitudes of spring. Soennecken self-developed round notebooks, which should facilitate the learning. The office equipment manufacturer Soennecken became world famous by this invention.

Schnurzugfeder ( Redisfeder )

The Schnurzugfeder, also known as plate spring, or spring Redisfeder ornament has a of about 30 ° to 45 ° offset platen with a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. Usually these lies flat when writing on the paper, creating a uniform line. The Schnurzugfeder suitable for grotesque or technical journals. In modern calligraphy, the spring is bent up when writing, creating a vivid typeface with different writing strengths arises.

Gap spring ( double bar spring )

The gap spring is, as its name suggests, split down the middle, thus producing two strokes. The strokes, depending on the type of the same width, or they are of different thicknesses. The gap spring is used for writing decorative fonts and initials. The latter can be subsequently decorated from the inside, as they are painted with the gap spring only as an outline.

Touch pen (music key)

( see main article touch pen )

Touch pens are a special kind of pointed feathers. Its peculiarity is that it has two spring slots, which gives it a high elasticity. This can be drawn with her ​​slightly thick Erding note heads and slim stems. Their elasticity makes the typeface appear more lively.

Notenlinie spring

The grade line spring ( detent Ralf Eder) has five small peaks that are arranged on a line. You can draw with it both staves, as well as ornaments paint. Since the tips are all very small, this spring holds hardly ink.

Elbow spring

The elbow spring is a pointed pen, the lower part is offset to the left. It was designed to compensate for difficulties in achieving the proper writing angle while writing the Anglaise ( English script ).

Poster spring

Poster springs have the same function as Bandzugfedern, only they are much larger. Most poster springs have a built-in ink reservoir, as they consume a lot of ink when writing.

Rectangular plate spring (square Redisfeder )

The rectangular plate spring, also known as effervescent 505, is an invention of the German calligrapher Georg Karl Hoefer. It has a 90 ° offset writing tablet, just like the Redisfeder, but the rectangular plate spring is rectangular. By placing the whole writing surface or only the edge several weight can be produced. The style is similar to that of a brush.

Glass pen

( see main article Venetian glass pen )

From different manufacturers there are also pens that are made entirely of glass. By fine grooves, the ink will run smoothly in the top. After a single immersion, the ink enough to write about half a page. You may also write with ink types is possible which would leave clog a fountain pen.

Glass pens were used in the 30s in special pens to customize with the help of carbon paper copies can. Normal fountain pen - feathers were for too elastic - glass springs were so stiff that the necessary pressure on the paper could be brought with them. Examples of fountain pen with glass pens include: - Haro I, Haro II - Mont Blanc "MG 400 " (Leaflet No. 528 1935. ) - Kaweco " Komio " (price list 1948 to 1936 )

However, there is through the material glass a drastically increased risk of breakage, so glass pens are usually available as spare parts in five containers.

Drawing or drawing pen

This is a spring, which is used primarily in technical drawings and the mapping. It consists of two opposing pointed- oval tapered steel strip ( legs ), the distance of one another can be altered by a set screw. The ink or ink is filled as drop between these legs. The distance of the legs are in front of the line width which can be adjusted between about 0.05-1.0 mm. Dip-pens are kept on rulers and can also be used in circles. To clean some dip-pens can be opened. For abrasive drawing materials (some films, stone, metal, etc.) used to dip-pens with inserts of tungsten carbide. Dip-pens were ousted by the technical pens and are rarely used, although they have advantages: easy to clean, tolerant of all kinds of inks and inks, no clogging.