Nigritella nigra
Black sprouts ( Nigritella nigra)
Called The Black sprouts ( Nigritella nigra), also lobelia or blood droplet vanilla orchid, a species of orchid is from the kind of sprouts ( Nigritella ).
- 4.1 Literature
- 4.2 Notes and references
- 4.3 External links
Description
The black vanilla orchid is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches stature altitudes of 8 to 15 centimeters ( in extreme cases up to 30 centimeters). The tuber is bipartite or palmately divided into three to five often quite strong, compressed sections. The shoot axis is upright and through the run-down margins and nerves of the leaves somewhat edgy. It is leafy to the top, at the bottom with membranous, acute vaginal leaves.
The leaves are fairly numerous and of linealischer, almost grass -like form. You are thickened, rinnig, annoying and bald. The leaf margin is finely denticulate. The upper leaf surface is dark green, the lower leaf surface brighter. The uppermost leaves are almost sitting upright leaf-like contract.
The inflorescence is very dense and initially short conical, globose to globose - ovoid, rarely extended a little later. The flowers are small and usually black - purple ( rarely pink, pure white or light yellow). They smell strongly of vanilla. The bracts are narrow - lanceolate, acuminate with two purple nerves. They are as long or slightly longer than the flowers. The tepals are separated, pointed and star-like spread in full bloom. You are einnervig. The outer Tepale are lanceolate, narrowed spitzlich. They are 5-8 mm long and approximately 2 mm wide. The lateral inner Tepale are also long, but only about half as wide as the outside. The lip is directed upwardly and about the same length as the other perigone. It is veined and 5 to 8 mm long and 4-5 mm wide. The shape is triangular acuminate with a long straight tip. At the base of the lip is narrowed abruptly. It is undivided, or rarely with two short lateral lobes. the spur is short ( about 2 millimeters long) and one-third or one-fourth as long as the pale green, not twisted, almost triangular ovary. The form is baggy and dull with short, blunt - conical small columns. The anthers are purple.
Ecology
The Black sprouts is a tuber Geophyt with 2-piece to 5 -lobed tubers. The sterile plant resembling tufts of grass.
The flowers smell of vanilla; they are about 50 different insect visits, especially from moths; on the Monte Baldo and bumblebees were observed as a visitor. Since the lip is upward, the pollinia attach to the trunk base of pollinators. Some small species apomixis was detected. Bloom time is from (May) / June to August.
The fruits are 3-5 mm long capsules with numerous, only 0.36 mm long, hawking span shaped seeds that are spread as granules flyer. Fruit ripening is from September to October.
Protection
According to the Federal Wildlife Trade Regulation, the species is in Germany since 31 August 1980 as a specially protected. In the EC Regulation 318/2008 the species is listed in Appendix B and in the CITES Convention COP14 the species is in Appendix: II listed.
System
The small, fragrant plant was in 1561 by Conrad Gesner with Satyrium basilicum alpinum called. Carl Linnaeus christened nigrum 1753 Satyrium. The present name dates back to Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, who was the type in 1851, the name Nigritella nigra.
The nominate ( Nigritella nigra subsp. Nigra) is distributed exclusively in Scandinavia. It occurs in the middle of Sweden, in the middle and the north of Norway.
The widespread alpine dunkelblütigen sprouts are known by this name, but they are counted to other species or subspecies. Mainly, these are the ordinary sprouts ( Nigritella nigra subsp. Rhellicani ) or the Austrian sprouts ( Nigritella nigra ssp. Austriaca ).