Nikolay Vasilyevich Belov

Nikolai Vasilyevich Belov (Russian Николай Васильевич Белов; * 2.jul / December 14 1891greg in Janow Lubelski, Russian Poland, .. † March 6, 1982 in Moscow) was a Russian geochemist, mineralogist and crystallographer.

Life

Below was the son of district physician, grew up in Ovruch and went to Warsaw on Russian Gymnasium. After graduation in 1910 (where he was awarded a gold medal ), he studied at the Polytechnic Institute in Petrograd metallurgy and science (among other things he heard there even when the physicist Abram Fedorovich Joffe ) and received his doctorate in 1921 at VA Kistjakowski in electrochemistry. He married while still a student and lived during the revolutionary turmoil from 1917 to 1921 in his hometown Ovruch, where he built bridges among others. He then worked as its director in the central chemical laboratory of the Leningrad tanning and leather industry, but published next to popular scientific articles in the journal Priroda, the deputy editor, he was under Alexander Jewgenjewitsch Fersman. Fersman was his old teacher of Mineralogy and Petrography in Leningrad, who encouraged him to own mineralogical publications.

From 1929 he headed the Institute for the Study of the North ( Arctic and Antarctic) and 1933 he was at the Moscow State Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Crystallography of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. One of his main interests were nepheline and apatite deposits on the Kola Peninsula, and he recommended the use of nepheline in the tannery and paper and wood industry. There he translated and edited the textbook crystal chemistry of Odd Hassel ( 1936), which in Russia has become a standard textbook at that time, and other crystallographic and crystal chemical essays. In 1934 he moved from Leningrad to Moscow as part of the general installation of institutes of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and at the invitation of Alexei Vasilyevich Shubnikov.

In 1943 he completed his habilitation (Russian doctorate ). In 1946 he became Professor of Crystallography in Gorki, but constantly shuttled between Moscow and Gorky. In 1953 he became Professor and Head of crystallography and crystal chemistry at the Moscow State University.

Work

In the 1930s he developed crystal chemical models based on the assumption of densest sphere packings, in which he showed that of the 230 space groups only eight as symmetries of these come into question ( after Linus Pauling had shown that in principle an infinite number of possibilities in three dimensions for densest sphere packings exist). He published his results ( The structure of ionic crystals and metallic phases), which was also his habilitation at the same time ( in Russia called by the specialists in his field blue book) in a monograph in 1947. In 1951 he was in Structural Crystallography is a simplified derivation of the 230 space groups after what he called the class method.

He also studied (regardless of Heinrich Heesch ) with black and white symmetry groups ( Shubnikov groups called him ) and colored symmetry groups that are based on the space groups.

From 1953 on, he dealt with his disciples to the crystal chemistry of silicates with large cations ( after William Lawrence Bragg had developed with his students an exhaustive theory for small cations). He presented the results in his monograph Essays in Structural Crystallography 1976 dar.

Honors and Memberships

In 1946 he became a corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1952 he was awarded the State Prize First Class and 1947 the first Fedorov price. In 1974 he was awarded the Lenin Prize, 1969 he was Hero of Socialist Labor and 1965 he was awarded the Lomonosov Gold Medal. He received a total of three Order of Lenin. 1966 to 1969 he was President of the International Union of crystallographers. He was since 1971 Honorary Member of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland and also an honorary member of the American and French mineralogical societies and the Geological Society of the GDR. He was a foreign member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and honorary doctor of the University of Breslau (Wroclaw).

The minerals Belovit - (Ce) and Belovit - ( La) are named after him.

Writings

He has published over 500 scientific papers.

• The structure of ionic crystals and metallic phases, Moscow 1951 ( Russian)
• Structural Crystallography, Moscow, 1951 ( Russian)
• Essays on Structural Mineralogy, Moscow 1976 ( Russian)
• Below are memories of Paul Peter Ewald in (Editor) Fifty Years of X - ray Diffraction, Utrecht, 1962, pp. 520-521.