Nogai language

Spoken in

  • Turkic languages Kipchak languages Nogai

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Nog

Nog

The nogaische language ( Nogai Ногъай тили / NOGAJ tili ) is a western Turkish language Aralo - Caspian group within the Turkic languages ​​. Short form is Nogai.

Naming and alternative designations

The language name " Nogai " is derived from Nogai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan. Previously Nogai was wrongly called only " Tatar ", " Black Tatar " or " Nogai Tatar ". The Germans are also the terms " Noghaisch " and " Nogaiisch " common. In Turkey, only the term " Nogays Türkçesi " ( nogaisches Turkish) is spread primarily.

Distribution area

Nogai is today spoken by around 70,000 people in the northeastern Caucasus. Especially in Dagestan, the Republics of Chechnya and Ingushetia and in the Stavropol region, the Nogaische is widespread. At the last census of the USSR (1989 ) nor 67 591 or 89.9 % of the 75 181 Nogai Nogai reported as mother tongue.

Classifications

Nogai is classified sometimes different. So lists the " Fischer Lexicon languages ​​" (1987) the Nogaische within the Turkic languages ​​as follows:

  • Turkic languages western branch Bulgarian group
  • Oghusische group
  • Kipchak group Kyptschak - nogaiische group Nogaiisch

In contrast, in the Nogai " Metzler Lexikon Sprache " (2005) is classified as follows:

  • Turkic languages Southwest Turkish ( Oghusisch )
  • Osttürkisch ( Karlukisch )
  • West Turkish ( Kiptschakisch ) Uralic ( Kipchak - Bulgarian)
  • Pontic - Caspian ( Kipchak - Oghusisch )
  • Aral - Caspian ( Kipchak - Nogai ) Nogai

The actual classification can be found in the article Turkic languages ​​.

Dialects and alphabets

The Nogaische dialect is strongly divided. However, today there are three major groups identified:

The Nogaische is closely related to the Kazakh, particularly with its western dialect. Linguistically, the language is between the Kazakh and the Kumykischen, of which also the Nogaische was strongly influenced. The Nogai see example at the kumykischen Khasavyurt dialect as nogaisches Idom because this is considered a transitional dialect of Kumykischen into Nogaische.

Until the late 1920s was Tschagataisch written language at the Nogaiern. In the 16th century, the Nogai language came under the influence of the Ottoman language and from the 17th to the 18th centuries was the Nogaische under the strong influence of the Persian language. All these languages ​​were written with a modified Arabic alphabet.

Independent written language is Nogai only since 1928, when a Turkish Latin alphabet was introduced. Its orthography was from Nogay academics A. Dzhanibekov ( which eventually changed its name to Canibek Turkicised ) completed. This Orthografieregeln were eventually adopted by all other non-Slavic peoples of the USSR. Yet Scripture in 1938 was changed in the course of compulsory Russian lessons on a modified Cyrillic alphabet.

With the collapse of the USSR the Arabic alphabet for the language nogaische in 1990 for a short time introduced, and in the years 1991 and 1992 experimented with various Latin alphabets Nogai, but could not prevail. So the Nogaische is written to this day with a Cyrillic alphabet. Militant Panturkisten but use for designing their websites the modern Turkish Latin alphabet.

The language code is NOG.

Language family Karachay-Cherkessia Caucasus Mountains Stavropol Krai Kazakh language
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