Official (American football)

Due to the complexity and often maze game action there is an entire American football referee crew. It consists of at least four, in the amateur leagues usually of five and in the higher leagues of seven arbitrators, each arbitrator observed a certain area of the playing field and is responsible for specific tasks.

General

Head judge is the referee, also known colloquially Whitecap because of his white cap now and then. He usually positioned behind the quarterback and decides Downs and penalties. More referees are the umpire, which sets up behind the defensive line and usually secures the ball and positioned for the next move. Stand one on each side of the Head Linesman and Line Judge at the line of scrimmage. The former is responsible for the chain crew. For all actions in the back of the pack back judge, field judge, and Side Judge have jurisdiction. Usually one of the three is responsible for the time measurement. The equipment of the referee include the yellow flags to mark a foul and the white (NCAA ) or orange (NFL) Beanbags for marking important spots.

Referees and their tasks

Referee

The Referee is the chief referee. He is recognizable by his white cap, while the other referee wear black hats. In the NFL, this was a long time reversed, but now it has taken over this color combination here. The referee is the one who ultimately makes the decisions, and these are known by show of hands and in higher leagues also a microphone. The referee is the sole arbitrator, who stands on the side of the offense. He is ten yards behind the quarterback on its Wurfarmseite. Before the match, the referee calls the captains of both teams to be and decide by coin toss, which team has the first choice of side or right of attack. During the game, the referee must also:

  • Pay attention to the actions of the quarterbacks
  • Using hand signals indicating the rule violations
  • Make final decisions on penalties
  • Will question whether he can accept the penalty or reject the captain of the offended team
  • Remember the current down
  • Deciding whether a loose ball from a fumble or an incomplete pass results
  • Indicating when the game clock is stopped or required to operate
  • Game on and abpfeifen

Umpire

The umpire is the snap on the side of defense between the line backers ( except NFL, here it is since the 2010 season on the side of the offense ). Immediately after the snap, he embarks on the line of scrimmage. He is also responsible for the following tasks:

  • Control the player equipment
  • Unauthorized physical contact before the snap
  • False starts
  • All actions at the line of scrimmage
  • Incomplete passports or passports are the only caught after the ball has touched the ground
  • Placement of the ball after every play
  • Pacing of penalties

Head Linesman

The Head Linesman is at the line of scrimmage and must also:

  • Indicate false start and Offside on his side of the field
  • In a 5 man crew the external monitor in a 7 man crew inside the receiver on its side
  • Monitor the ball carrier, if this is running on his side.
  • View the referee whether a backward pass is present
  • Assist the referee in counting the Downs
  • The Linesman is responsible for the forward progress on his game page, so for the point at which the ball carrier was stopped or went out of play
  • To decide whether a pass thrower when fit was located behind or above the line of scrimmage
  • Monitor the work of the chain crew

Line Judge

The Line Judge stands at the line of scrimmage on the other side of the field of the Head Linesman. He is also responsible for:

  • To signal a false start and Offside on his side of the field
  • To monitor blockers and defensive players on his side
  • In a 5 man crew the external monitor in a 7 man crew inside the receiver on its side
  • Monitor the ball carrier, if this is running on his side.
  • View the referee whether a backward pass is present
  • Assist the referee in counting the Downs
  • The Linejudge is responsible for the forward progress on his game page, so for the point at which the ball carrier was stopped or went out of play
  • A focus on the players kick a team when they run down the field
  • To decide whether a pass thrower when fit behind or above the line of scrimmage has found (only 7 man crew, otherwise this is the linesman takes over alone)

Field Judge

The field judge standing on the same side as the Line Judge offset approximately 17 meters to the rear. He has the same tasks as the Side Judge. In a 4 or 6-man crew of the Field Judge has the clock, because there is no back judge.

Side Judge

The Side Judge is on the same side as the Head Linesman offset approximately 17 meters to the rear. Among other things, he must:

  • Watch The wide receiver on his side
  • Decide whether a ball is in or outside of the field is caught or there ends a Laufspielzug
  • Decide Illegal obstruction of a pass receiver
  • Decide on a loose ball after the ball has crossed the line of scrimmage

Back Judge

The back judge is about 20 feet deep in the middle of the field on the side of the defense and looks at, among other things:

  • The Tight End
  • Illegal obstruction of a pass receiver
  • For deep passes he monitors the Goal Line
  • In 5 and 7 man crews Backjudge takes over the clock. In 6-man crews, there is no back judge.
  • In field goals and extra points, he stands by the gate, and indicates successful kick in 7 man crews getting together with the Field Judge, in 5 man crews at all kicks of more than 20 yards away alone, more kicks along with the Field Judge.
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