Oslo I Accord

The concept of the Oslo peace process is a series of agreements between the Palestinians and Israel to resolve the Middle East conflict. The peace process was given this name because the first secret negotiations of the parties PLO and Israel took place under Norwegian mediation in Oslo.

Oslo I

On 13 September 1993, signed in Washington, the Foreign Minister Mahmoud Abbas, Shimon Peres, Warren Christopher and Andrei Kozyrev in the presence of Yitzhak Rabin, Yasser Arafat and Bill Clinton, the " Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government, the " (also known as Oslo I). This represents a milestone in the peace process dar. Both sides recognized each other for the first time officially. The Israelis accepted the PLO as the official representative of the Palestinians, the PLO undertook to remove from its charter all passages containing the destruction of Israel as a goal.

The agreement also contained the general agreement to transfer the responsibility of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank to the Palestinians and to give them an autonomous control of their affairs. Controversial issues such as the status of Jerusalem, the refugee issue or the settlements in the West Bank have not been addressed in the agreement. Details should be determined in further negotiations.

The agreement was signed a week later ratified by the Knesset. Ratification by the PLO is not done to this day.

Minutes of the economic relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority were signed in Paris on 29 April 1994. These protocols were even referred to by the subsequent Israeli Foreign Minister Shlomo Ben Ami in his book A Place for All ( 1998) as " a cementing of the colonial relations."

With signed in Cairo on 4 May 1994 Gaza - Jericho Agreement was first awarded to the Palestinians since 1967 self-governing territory. The city of Jericho and 65 % of the Gaza Strip came under Palestinian control - the Jewish settlements and the roads there and a border strip around the Gaza Strip remained under sole Israeli control - also maintained the North-South link road ( with adjacent groves and houses, out of which could be shot ) under Israeli co- control.

Oslo II

In Taba (Egypt) signed Rabin and Arafat on 24 September 1995, the " Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip " (also called Oslo II ). The Palestinians were given for about three percent of the West Bank (with over 80 % of the Palestinian population of the West Bank ) awarded autonomous government competencies. In about a quarter of the area to the Palestinian Authority and Israel should share the administration ( Area B). In the remaining 73% of the Israelis should continue to exercise sole control.

On November 4, 1995 Prime Minister Rabin was shot from right-wing Jewish student Yigal Amir in Tel Aviv. Rabin's successor, Shimon Peres.

Peres continued the policy of peace Rabin and entered the beginning of 1996 the negotiations on the permanent status in Taba.

Stagnation in the peace process and the Wye agreement

At the election on May 29, 1996, Benjamin Netanyahu of the right-wing Likud a narrow majority Prime Minister and intensified the Israeli security and settlement policy. Netanyahu was criticized for having almost brought the peace process to a halt. During Netanyahu's tenure the Wye agreement was concluded, but which has been implemented only in part.

On 21 December 1998, Netanyahu because of his politics by the Parliament (Knesset ) was deposed by vote of no confidence. The leftists in his government criticized, he had the agreement not fast enough and comprehensively enforced, while the right wing, the agreement altogether rejected. Ehud Barak of the Israeli Labor Party was elected on 17 May 1999 as his successor.

Resumption of negotiations

In September 1999, the parties participated in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el -Sheikh the negotiations for a permanent status back to ( Wye II).

However, the negotiations on the issues of Jerusalem, refugees, border demarcation and the status of Jewish settlements turned out to be difficult and very time-consuming.

Failure of the Oslo process

In July 2000, called meeting of Barak and Arafat took place under the mediation of the United States held a Camp David II, in which the last time it was tried to find an agreement on permanent status. On July 25, negotiations were broken off without agreement. Both sides blamed each other later to be responsible for the failure.

With the outbreak of the second Intifada in September 2000, a final solution to the conflict was once again receded into the distance.