Otto Klineberg

Otto Klineberg ( born November 2, 1899 in Quebec City, † March 6, 1992 in Bethesda, Maryland) was a Canadian social psychologist who dealt with issues of race and questions of national character. He led Cross-cultural studies on human behavior by and is considered one of the founding fathers of modern social psychology.

He studied at Columbia University under Franz Boas and graduated in 1927 with a Ph.D. from. He conducted research on there and later became a professor.

His epoch-making work Race differences (1935 ), in which he examined racial differences among biological, psychological and cultural criteria, was of great influence on American anthropology.

Klineberg led intelligence tests on migrants, Indian tribes and colored students and his pioneering studies influenced the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on the case Brown v. Board of Education, which until 1954, five cases negotiated from 1952 on the topic of racial segregation in public schools.

Race differences

In his work on racial differences, he noted that the inability to determine whether there should be three or three hundred, will be better illustrated by anybody when by the French anthropologist Joseph Deniker, the author of the work Les races et les peuples de la terre: Éléments d' anthropologie et d' ethnography ( " races and peoples of the earth" ), which used a combination of characteristics such as hair texture, skin color, eye color and nose shape, to get to seventeen major races and twenty-nine sub-races ( 1935:21 ).

Works

  • Race Differences. New York and London, Harper & brothers 1935
  • Negro Intelligence and Selective Migration. Columbia University Press New York 1935
  • An Experimental Study of Speed ​​and Other Factors in " Racial " Differences. New York,
  • Social Psychology. NY: Henry Holt and Company, 1940
  • Characteristics of the American Negro. New York [ et al ]: Harper, 1944
  • Tensions Affecting International Understanding. A Survey of Research. NY: Social Science Research Council, 1950
  • Race and Psychology. Paris: Unesco, 1951 ( La question raciale devant la science modern ) Race and psychology. Colloquium, Berlin, 1953. (Series of Unesco. The Modern Science of race question )
  • The human dimension in international relations. From d Engl transl. by Helmut Richter. Bern, Stuttgart: Huber, 1966 ( writings on social psychology, No. 4)
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