Paper mulberry
Ripe and unripe fruits collection of paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera ).
The paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera ), also called paper mulberry, is a plant belonging to the family of the mulberry family ( Moraceae ), which also includes the genera figs and mulberries are. The genus name Broussonetia goes back to the French physician, botanist and zoologist Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet (1761-1807), who introduced the Linnaean system in France.
Dissemination
The natural range is in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Korea, Laos, Sikkim, Vietnam and Malaysia. On many Pacific islands, Japan and Taiwan, he is naturalized a very long time. Meanwhile, the paper mulberry tree ( there planted as a shade tree ) in Southern Europe and in the southwest and southeast of the United States naturalized. In Ghana and Uganda, the plant is considered invasive Art In Central Europe, the paper mulberry tree is planted as an ornamental tree.
Description
The paper mulberry grows as a deciduous tree and reaches stature heights of 10 to 20 meters. It contains milk juice. The bark is dark gray. The bark of the branches is brown and hairy. The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are stalked. The petiole has a length of 2.3 to 8 centimeters. The simple, broadly to narrowly ovate or in young plants three to fünflappige leaf blade has a length of 6 to 18 cm and a width of 5-9 cm, and it ends pointed. The lower leaf surface is more hairy than the upper leaf surface. The base of the leaf blade is asymmetrical, heart-shaped. The leaf margin is serrated. The two non- fused, ovoid stipules have a length of 1.5 to 2 cm and a width of 0.8 to 1 cm.
The flowering period extends from April to May The paper mulberry is dioecious, getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ), so there is all-male and all-female trees. The seated on a 2-4 cm long petiole, male inflorescences are ährig and 3-8 cm long with lanceolate, hairy bracts. The male flowers have four hairy sepals and four stamens with round anthers. The female inflorescences are spherical and have a diameter of about 2 cm with club-shaped bracts. The female flowers have a tubular calyx, which is fused with the stylus, an egg-shaped ovary and a hairy scar.
Between June and July ripe fleshy, orange-red fruit last associations, which have a diameter of 1.5 to 3 cm. Surrounded by the calyx stone fruits have a scalloped looking exocarp.
Use, past and present
Furniture is made from the wood. The leaves, fruits and bark are used in Chinese medicine.
The bark of this kind and a number of other species of trees used for the production of bovine material. ( See also: tapa bark cloth )
The fibers of the bark of the paper mulberry tree were once used in China and Japan for the manufacture of paper. As early as the 1st century AD, made in China from the bark a pulp ago, the mixed with paste, dried and smoothed paper product which was used to describe and for lanterns.
System
This species was as Morus papyrifera in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus ( in Species Plantarum, 986 ) first described. More Synonyms: Papyrius japonicus Lamarck ex Poiret, Papyrius papyriferus (L.) Kuntze, Papyrius polymorphus Cavanilles. The valid name Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. was in 1799 by Charles Louis L' Héritier de Brut Elle in Étienne Pierre Ventenat: Tableau du règne selon la méthode de Jussieu végétal, Volume 3, published S. 547.
Pictures
Male inflorescences.
Open and yet closed female inflorescences.
Young tree with lobed leaves.
Simple leaves.
Simple sheet.
Trunk with bark.