Passed pawn

As a pawn in chess is called a farmer, if he can be arrested or beaten on his way to conversion box (on the last row ) by any opponent's pawn.

In these cases it is important to check the pawn for the opponent, as by this blocked with a figure in order to prevent him from his conversion.

Especially in the final win free farmers from strength to strength. Not infrequently, then a figure must be given (see study by Gulyaev ) for a dangerous passed pawn. A farmer breakthrough aims to make a passed pawn.

Example

In Diagram 1, it is in the white pawn on d4, and the black pawn on b7 to free farmers.

This example shows that a farmer his status as a pawn can also lose again. Namely, if the White Tower Black Tower proposes to c6 and Black responds with b7xc6, both farmers are on adjacent lines and thus are no longer pawns.

Remote and covered Freibauer

A distant passed pawn is characterized in that it is removed from the majority of other farmers on. There are still farmers on both wings, then sets ( with otherwise the same number Bauer ) a distant passed pawn in the endgame a positional advantage is that often sufficient to win game. For this purpose, first the peasants in the other wing as far as possible to set the front. Then the distant passed pawn is sacrificed by letting him beat the opponent's king. The loss of time involved is used by the King of the distant passed pawn to beat the established farmers on the other wing and to secure and subsequently by a pawn to play decisive advantage.

From a covered pawn is when it is covered by its own farmers. Also a covered pawn is a great positional advantage, since he can not be beaten without loss of material and also the opponent's king in the endgame must not leave the square of this peasant, he does not want to risk the conversion thereof. The other king can then often take advantage of its greater freedom of movement to the ultimate farmer profit. After Kurt Richter a covered pawn is an even bigger stocking as a distant passed pawn.