Pastoral#Pastoral plays
The pastoral formed a kind of courtly plays and a form of pastoral poetry.
History
The Shepherd game evolved during the Renaissance, especially in Italy. Its roots lay in the ancient bucolic ( idylls of Theocritus, Virgil's Eclogues ), the court mythological drama and its burlesque parody, the shepherd Schwank.
As the first Italian pastoral applies Agostino de ' Beccaris Il sacrificio ( 1554 ). Significant works were Torquato Tasso's Aminta ( 1573) and Giovanni Battista Guarini's Il pastor fido ( 1583 ).
With the help of translations of Italian models, the pastoral spread to the courts of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In England John Lyly's Galathea originated in 1584 and George Peele's Arraignment of Paris, 1599? William Shakespeare's As you like it, John Fletcher's The Faithful Shepherdess 1610, 1634 John Milton's Comus and 1641 Benjamin Jonson's The Sad Shepherd. In addition to As you like it show several other comedies Shakespeare's pastoral influence.
In France was particularly stimulating Honoré d' Urfés pastoral romance L' Astrée. Significant pieces were Racans Les mountains Ries ( 1625) and Jean Mairet Sylvie ( 1628) and its Silvanire ( 1629). Aftermath can be found in the comedies of Corneille, Racine, Molière and Marivaux.
In the German aristocracy and the upper middle class dominated the transfers. Most likely corresponds to them the double comedy The love ghost and The Beloved Dornenrose by Andreas Gryphius (1660 ). More pastorals wrote, among other things Heinrich Elmenhorst, Adam Gottfried Uhlich, Johann Sigismund Scholze, Christian Nicholas Naumann and Karl Christian gardener. Even in 1767 showed Goethe The mood of the lovers essential elements of the pastoral play.
Features
In the center of the story is a love dance. The couple, mostly shepherds and shepherdesses, get to know, are separated from one another and find themselves in an order that seems harmonious than the initial state. The frame remains manageable, unconventional and adventurous does not occur. Nature is inflated in a idyll. Musical interludes, ballets and choruses are common, whereby the pastoral significantly contributed to the emergence of opera.