Pezizaceae
Violet peel fungus ( Peziza violacea )
The cups Ling relatives ( Pezizaceae ) form a family in the order of the cup -like Ling ( Pezizales ) within the Department of Ascomycota. They contain 25 genera with about 200 species.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The cups Ling relatives usually have fleshy, soft, brittle, cup- shaped fruiting bodies ling ( ascomata ), which may vary from a few millimeters to 10 cm in diameter. However, even very many truffle -like hypogeous, ie subterranean species under it. Of the 25 described genera are only 13 hypogeous, even in the largest genus Peziza are several types of truffle -like fruiting bodies.
Microscopic characteristics
The cups Ling relatives are characterized by their amyloid asci, ie they turn blue with iodine, a feature which they have in common within the Pezizales only with her sister's family Ascobolaceae. An exception is the genus Marcelleina with inamyloiden asci. The operculate ascus is a feature of all Pezizales. The ascospores are uninucleate, usually thin-walled, spherical, elliptical or fusiform, hyaline to pale brownish, smooth or feinwarzig. The excipulum consists at least partially of isodiametralen cells.
Ecology and distribution
Little is known about the diet of the cup Ling relatives, many species are saprotroph considered, but also very many mycorrhizal fungi have been described. Ecologically, they cover a very wide range of ecological niches and colonize all kinds of soils, dung, wood and fire places. Their greatest diversity they achieved in the temperate zone and arctic-alpine areas. But also some restricted to the tropical species are known.
System
The Pezizaceae are a monophyletic family that form with the Ascobolaceae as sister's family is one of three lines within the Pezizales. The Ascobolaceae are morphologically not clearly separate, since features often find themselves in two families. All representatives of Ascobolaceae have a diffuse amyloid ascus, but also some representatives of the cup -like Ling have this Ascustyp on. The Ascusdeckel but is different in the two families. While the family is clearly monophyletic, the opposite for the 84 species with by far the largest genus Peziza is detected. The molecular phylogenetic study of the Pezizaceae identified 14 lines within the family, which types of Peziza occurred in eight of these lines. A division into several genera is not yet complete. The former family Terfeziaceae with the hypogean genera Terfezia and Tirmania are phylogenetically unique within the Pezizaceae and is therefore only a synonym.
Genera
- Amylascus
- Boudiera
- Cazia
- Eremiomyces
- Hapsidomyces
- Hydnobolites
- Hydnotryopsis
- Iodophanus
- Iodowynnea
- Kalaharituber
- Lepidotia
- Rundsporbecherlinge ( Marcelleina )
- Mattiroliomyces
- Mycoclelandia
- Dick cup warmers ( Pachyella )
- Crater truffles ( Pachyphloeus )
- True cup warmers ( Peziza )
- Charcoal cup warmers ( Plicaria )
- Rhodopeziza
- Truffle cup warmers ( Ruhlandiella )
- Crown cup warmers ( Sarcosphaera )
- Scabropezia
- Fold balls ( Sphaerozone )
- Desert truffles ( Terfezia )
- Amyloid truffles ( Tirmania )