Pholidocarpus

Pholidocarpus is a Native to Southeast Asia palm genus.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Features

The representatives are large, single -stemmed, hermaphrodite fan palms. They are reinforced and bloom more than once. The stem is erect and occupied with inconspicuous annular leaf scars. The palms can be very high, at 45 m.

The number of chromosomes is not known.

The leaves are folded induplicat and costapalmat. For young plants, the leaves are marzeszent, so remain after the death of the plant. In palms with trained master the leaves fall after the death from under its own weight. The leaf sheath disintegrates into a mass of interwoven, reddish brown fibers. The petiole is long, strong and hairy. At the top it is slightly grooved on the underside rounded or angular. The edges of the handle are filled with strong, horizontal spines. The adaxial Hastula is well trained, triangular, like a ring, the abaxial Hastula is inconspicuous or absent.

The leaf blade is divided along the adaxial folded edges almost to Hastula so that there are three - to four -fold segments. These segments are further divided along the adaxial folding edges on two -thirds to one-half of the blade radius, so that simply folded subsegments formed.

Inflorescences

The inflorescences are between the sheets ( interfoliar ). They grow from the leaf sheaths mouth and protrude arched out from the crown. Up to five leaf axils simultaneously form inflorescences. You are branched four times. The peduncle is strong. The cover page is Roehrig, zweikielig and slightly inflated. There are one to five bracts on the inflorescence stalk. These are strong, Roehrig and tear at the age irregularly. The inflorescence axis is longer than the stem. Here, the bracts are rather removed standing, each wearing a side branch of the first order. The flower-bearing axes ( Rachillae ) are bald or hairy, rather spreading, and wear the flowers in a spiral arrangement. The flowers appear singly or in twos or threes at low elevations. They are in the axils of small, triangular bracts and have each a small Brakteole.

Flowers

The flowers are hermaphroditic, sitting and golden yellow. The calyx is cup-shaped, flat to slightly hairy dreizipfelig and bald. The crown is divided almost to the base into three triangular, valvate, hairless to slightly hairy tip. There are six stamens present, the filaments of which are connected to a tube eye-catching, but not connected with the crown. The tube is flat sechslapig where available with short, slender filaments free at the end, rather roundish to oblong, dorsifixe and latrorse anthers. The gynoecium consists of three carpels and is clearly conical, hairy. The carpels are free basally, but apical to grow into a long, slender pen. The scar is punctiform. The ovule consists of basal and anatrop.

The pollen is ellipsoidal and symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical. The germ is opening a distal sulcus.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit develops from one carpel. It is very large and spherical. The scars radicals apical, but are barely visible. The pericarp is massively developed: the exocarp is smooth or disintegrate into numerous, low brown Korkwarzen. The mesocarp is thick, rather fleshy and often crossed by radial fibers. The endocarp is crusty. The seed is the side or near the base. He has a massive, homogeneous endosperm. On one side of the endosperm but is pushed by a large indentation of the seed coat. The embryo sits approximately basal or side.

Dissemination and locations

The genus is found only in Southeast Asia. The range extends from southern Thailand through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi and the Moluccas. On the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo represent the species is striking palm trees of the lowlands, which are commonly found in freshwater and peat swamp forests. Rarely they are found to not waterlogged soils.

System

The genus Pholidocarpus is placed in the subfamily Coryphoideae, Tribe Trachycarpeae, subtribe Livistoninae within the family Arecaceae. The monophyly of the genus has not yet been investigated. Pholidocarpus may be the sister group of Johannesteijsmannia.

In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the following types are recognized:

• Pholidocarpus ihur
• Pholidocarpus kingianus
• Pholidocarpus macrocarpus
• Pholidocarpus majadum
• Pholidocarpus mucronatus
• Pholidocarpus sumatranus

Pholidocarpus was first described by Carl Ludwig Blume 1830 type species is Pholidocarpus ihur. The genus name is derived from the ancient Greek words for dandruff and fruit and refers to the corky - warty fruits of most species.

Documents

• John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, pp. 268-270.