Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)
The Piano Sonata No. 14, Op 27 No 2 in C sharp minor by Ludwig van Beethoven, completed in 1801, is referred to as the Moonlight Sonata. Beethoven himself gave his work the nickname " Sonata quasi una Fantasia" ("... as it were a fantasy "). The term " Fantasia " refers to the unusual sequence of movements of the sonata. Thus, the atypical for conventional sonata form tempos of the respective sets can be explained. The plant has no first (fast) set in sonata form, contain the sonatas that time usually. Rather, it begins with an Adagio, followed by a more lively Allegretto with Trio, followed by a rapid, highly dramatic finale followed, which has the structure of a sonata. Striking here is that the pace of rate increases on record. Franz Liszt characterized the piece in that it marked the second sentence as "a flower between two abysses ".
Construction
- First movement, Adagio sostenuto, C sharp minor, 4/4-time, 69 cycles
- Second movement, Allegretto, in D flat major, 3/4-time, 60 cycles
- Third movement, Presto agitato, C sharp minor, 4/4-time, 200 cycles
History and Impact
It seems almost to be in the disposition of this 1800/1801 composed Piano Sonata, to ignite the imagination of the listener. In the literature and in the visual arts has its multiple precipitation found. She was the subject of many romantic interpretation of experiments which focus mostly on the slow first movement.
After the sonata was during that time in which she earned her first awareness, initially called "Hardwood Sonata " because Beethoven is said to have improvised the first set in a bower, the plant its popular name Moonlight Sonata received several years after Beethoven's death by the music critic Ludwig Rellstab, who remembered a boat ride on Lake Lucerne while listening to the first movement. Another interpretation provides András Schiff, who sees a rhythmic connection to a funeral scene from Mozart's Don Giovanni and thus propagated that it was a " death scene " or a funeral march.
Beethoven dedicated the sonata later his then 20 -year-old piano student Countess Julie Guicciardi ( 1782-1856 ), in which he had previously been in love for a short time. Obviously, this dedication was intended as " retaliation" for a gift that Beethoven had received from Julie's mother ( Steblin 2009). Anton Schindler claimed in 1840 that she was also the addressee of the famous letter to the "Immortal Beloved", which later proved to be pure speculation.
Even during Beethoven's lifetime was the Moonlight Sonata one of his most popular piano works - so popular that he even remarked, "but truly better written " to have. It shall apply with their formal freedoms and their emotion- specific style as an important precursor of musical romanticism. Your form scheme was later taken up by, among others, Robert Volkmann in his Piano Trio in B flat minor, Op 5.
Dmitri Dmitrievich Shostakovich attacked in the last sentence of his last composition, the Sonata for Viola and Piano Op.147, motifs from the Moonlight Sonata and sat so close to his death, Beethoven another monument.
Contentious issues of interpretation
Pedal
For the first set of the match statement Si deve suonare tutto questo pezzo delicatissimamente e senza sordini stands ( in German: You have this whole piece very delicately and without dampers play ). "Without damper " undoubtedly means " pedal ", but the question remains open as to whether the whole piece to be generally played with pedal or in a single pedal. Relatively rare this set is actually played in a pedal held by András ship as in Beethoven interpretation. Carl Czerny, Beethoven's pupil, however, writes: " The pre- recorded pedal is to take anew at every bass note. "
Pace
The tempo marking alla breve is based on the quarter notes or half notes in the different interpretations. While the term alla breve unique ( that is, in half notes ) requires halbtaktige counting, Carl Czerny proposes a tempo of MM 54 per quarter, and that the whole piece of music to play at a moderate tempo Andante. The interpretation of András Schiff takes literally in the tempo pedal question as Beethoven's instructions.
Character
The interpretation of the Sonata by Rellstab as romantic work inspired by a nightly boat trip was, among others, by Wilhelm von Lenz objected: he thinks that Beethoven had improvised the 1st set at the bier of a [ late ] friend. Thus would the dotted rhythm of the melody of a funeral march, giving the entire set would lend an entirely different character.