Picris hieracioides

Ordinary Bitter Herb ( Picris hieracioides ), illustration

The Ordinary Bitter Herb ( Picris hieracioides ) or hawkweed -bitter herb is a plant that belongs to the genus of bitter herbs ( Picris ).

Description

The Ordinary Bitter herb is a biennial to perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of growth of 30 to 90 centimeters and hairy bristly. This Hemikryptophyt has a short, buds forming rhizome. The rhizome tastes bitter. The stem is erect, branched above, hairy bristly, rarely glabrous above, the plant bears milky sap.

The leaves are oblong to lanceolate, entire, denticulate serrated to sinuate on either side scattered hairy to densely bristly upper sitting with rounded base.

In a loose, doldig paniculate inflorescence are the basket- shaped partial inflorescences. The flower heads have a diameter of about 1 cm and contain only ray florets. Peduncles and shell are filled with whitish, often forked bristle hair or bald. There are two rows of bracts present; they are 10 to 15 mm long, with small, oblong- lanceolate, widerhakig hairy, black and green Außenhüllblättern. The zygomorphic ray florets are yellow, red and run outside about twice as long as the bracts. The flowering time is, depending on the subspecies, May to October.

The achenes are 2.5 to 5 mm long, slightly curved. The pappus has unequal and feathery snow white Pappushaare that are about 6 mm long.

Ecology

Pollination is by insects ( Hymenoptera, Diptera) also self-pollination is possible. Similarly, vegetative reproduction occurs by root sprouts. The fruits are spread by the wind.

Occurrence

The Ordinary Bitter herb is common in Central Europe and is growing collin to montane ( up to 1600 meters) in premolars lawn companies in ways, dams, meadows, forest edges, in quarries, wasteland, dune thickets and river gravel, ruderal influenced semi-arid grassland and in the hem of bushes. It loves base-and usually calcareous, nitrogenous, little rich, not too dry loam or clay soils.

The Ordinary Bitter herb is a pioneer species and a cultural companion. After Ellenberg it is a light plant, intermediate continental growth, and a Ordnungscharakterart requiring heat and drought yield forming Ruderalfluren ( Onopordetalia acanthii ) or a Verbandcharakterart halbruderaler continental semi-arid grassland ( Artemision absinthii - Elymion hispidi ).

The clan is a Eurasian ( continental ) submediterranes Florenelement.

Subspecies

It is a very variable Art

There are four subspecies in Central Europe:

  • Großblütiges bitter herbs or mountain - hawkweed - bitter herbs, bitter herbs Geöhrtes ( Picris hieracioides subsp. Grandiflora ( Ten. ) Arcang. )
  • Ordinary Bitter herb s.str. or ordinary hawkweed - bitter herbs s.str. ( Picris hieracioides subsp. Hieracioides )
  • Thorny Bitter herb or Prickly hawkweed -bitter herb ( Picris hieracioides subsp. Spinulosa ( Gussone ) Arcang. )
  • Stem Comprehensive bitter herbs or Pippau - hawkweed -bitter herb ( Picris hieracioides subsp. Villarsii )

Outside of Central Europe ( selection):

  • Picris hieracioides subsp. japonica ( Thunb. ) Krylov Picris hieracioides subsp. japonica var koreana Kitam.

Pictures

Picris hieracioides subsp. japonica:

Stem and leaf.

Cup -shaped inflorescence with yellow ray florets five lobe.

Swell

  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil - hinge plates. The flora of Germany interactively. Watch - Specify - knowledge. The key to the plant world. CD -ROM, Version 2.0, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3.
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: Image Atlas of ferns and flowering plants in Germany. 2nd edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2.
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (ed. ): The ferns and flowering plants of Baden -Württemberg. Volume 6: Special section ( Spermatophyta, subclass unranked ): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart ( Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1.
  • H. H. Allan: Flora of New Zealand. Volume I: Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, gymnosperms, Dicotyledons. 1961, reprint 1982. ISBN 0-477-01056-3. Picris hieracioides online ( german)
  • John L. Strother: Picris. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 ( Mutisieae - Anthemideae ), Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9, p 303 (text online now at efloras.org ). ( Description section )
  • Ordinary Bitter herb. In: FloraWeb.de.
Cichorioideae Perennial plant Pappus (flower structure)
262964
de