Piedmontese language

Spoken in

Indo-European languages

  • Piedmontese

-

Roa

Pms

The Piedmontese language (including the Piedmont, Piemontèis in Piedmont, Piemontese in Italian ) is spoken by over 2 million people in Piedmont. Since 1981, she recognizes the Euro Europe officially as a minority language. It is one of the endangered languages ​​and has been included by UNESCO in the Atlas of endangered languages ​​.

  • 3.1 noun 3.1.1 Article

History

As a written language, the Piedmont has been used since the late 12th century. In the 16th century a literature that encompassed all forms of literature, both poetry and novels, dramas and epics developed. However, the Piedmontese lost already by this time his rank as the language of administration and higher education to the Italian that. On the dialect of Tuscany, especially the Florentine based language of Dante The 19th century also brought forth its own scientific literature and literary criticism. With the establishment of an Italian nation-state in 1861 intensified the decline of the Piedmont but further, although the unification movement emanated from politically and economically well-advanced Piedmont. After the Second World War, it was largely displaced under the influence of the mass media and from the oral communication in families.

Pronunciation

The current spelling was designed by the author and literary Pinin Pacot, previously there was no unified notation, that is, some sounds were spelled differently under certain circumstances. The debate shows some parallels with the French and Occitan, so there are umlauts [y ] and [ ø ], also speak the u like the German ü and o as u.

Vowels

  • è: open e ( ɛ ) in how to eat: enèrgich [ ɛ'nɛʒik ]
  • é: e as in closed state: fé [fe ]
  • ë: Schwa - such as in German monkey, but stresses: Venner [' vəner ]
  • O, ó: l: Piedmont [ pjɛ'munt ], róndola [' rundula ]
  • ò: open o as in open Fort [ fɔrt ]
  • U: as the German ü or French u [y ]; before vowels, it becomes a gentle [ w]: butir [ by'tir ], Guera [' gwɛra ]
  • ù: normal u, u only when a vowel follows: lunes [' lunɛs ], CRUA [ Krya ]
  • Eu: ö [ ø ], as in French: Reusa [ roza ]; Exception are some foreign words, such as Europe [ ɛu'rɔpa ]

Consonants

  • C, cc: before e and i, and at the end of a word lish, otherwise k: cel [' t͡ʃɛl ], baricc [' ba'rit͡ʃ ]
  • Ch: k: chila [' kila ]
  • G, gg: before e and i, and at the end of a word depending on the region French j [ ʒ ] or dsch [ dʒ ], otherwise g: assagg [ as'ad͡ʒ ] gat [ gat ]
  • Gh: g: Ghil [ gil ]
  • Gl: lj, as in Italian: Figl [ fiʎ ]
  • Gn: nj, as in Italian: soagnà [ swa'ɲa ]
  • H: mute
  • J: j German, not French: Åvej [ a'vɛj ]
  • N: word-final nasalized, such as the German ng: pan [ PAN], if the pronunciation of a word ending in [n ], the n is doubled: ann [at]
  • N: nasalized, such as the German ng: Galin -a [ ga'liŋa ]
  • S: at the beginning of the word sharp as in some regions of Southern Germany: sol [ sul ]
  • Sc before e and end of the word s- ch: s- cet [ st͡ʃɛt ]
  • Sch: sk as in Italian: casché [ ka'ske ]
  • V: soft w: Vitura [ vi'tyra ]
  • Z: soft s: monze [' munzɛ ]

Unlike the Italian does not distinguish between single and double consonants.

Emphasis

The emphasis of a word is on the last syllable, if it ends in a consonant, and if the word ends in the penultimate in a vowel. If the word is stressed on a different syllable, this is controlled by a grave accent. Only on e and o comes before the acute, if it is a closed vowel.

Grammar

Noun

The noun can be summarized as in all Romance languages ​​have two genders assign: masculine, feminine. Feminine nouns typically end in-a while have no definite masculine ending and often ending in a consonant. The formation of the plural is more expensive than in Italian: Although feminine nouns have the ending- e, the masculine plural, however, is identical with either the singular or with the ending -i. In the former case, the plural as in the neighboring Lombard language can recognize the article.

Article

Verbs

As in the Venetian a pronoun is placed between subject and predicate:

  • Gioann a trambla - John trembles.
  • Mi, i canto na canson - I, I sing a song.

The conjugation of verbs can be divided into three groups, beside still exist some irregular verbs.

Vocabulary

Characteristic are the very much reduced compared to the Italian words:

Italy Language family Italic languages Council of Europe Lyric poetry Dante Alighieri Gravis Close vowel Female
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