Pillnitz Castle
51.00891111111113.870158333333Koordinaten: 51 ° 0 ' 32 "N, 13 ° 52' 13" E
The Pillnitz Castle from the 18th century is situated on the Elbe River in the former village of Pillnitz, which belongs to the district of Dresden today. It basically consists of three buildings, which lie along the Elbe water palace, towards the slope opposite the mountain palace and connecting them to the east side of New Palace. The area enclosed by the buildings of baroque pleasure garden is complemented by a surrounding park.
Pillnitz Castle is an excellent example for the China Fashion of the 18th century. Shortly after completion of a prince meeting took place here in 1791, received their result as Pillnitz declaration in world history.
Today, the New Palace, the Palace Museum Pillnitz, while the Museum of Decorative Arts of the Dresden State Art Collections is housed in the mountain and water palace.
- 3.1 English garden with gazebo
- 3.2 Chinese garden with gazebo
- 3.3 Triton gondola
- 3.4 Palm House
History
The manor located approximately at the site of today's New Palace was one of two on Pillnitzer hall, whose origin dates back to the period around 1400 date back (the other was located above the slope at the site of later erected artificial ruin). That former (lower ) manor was as defensible residential castle built ( with moat and drawbridge ) and, therefore, later referred to as a castle. Christoph Ziegler sold the manor to Pillnitz Christoph von Loß the Elder. , Upper Schenk and Councillor of the Elector Christian I, who received the fief in 1569. He laid the foundation stone in 1594 the castle church. His grandson, Joachim, "evil Loß " should haunt as a black dog in the castle.
In 1640, Günther von Bünau inherited the castle. After many more changes of ownership acquired Elector Johann Georg IV 1694 Pillnitz to give it to his mistress Magdalena Sibylla of Neitschuetz. After the death of John George in 1694 his brother Friedrich August arrived ( August the Strong ) in 1706 buying back into the possession of the castle. Soon after, he gave it to his mistress, Countess of Cosel. In 1718 the king took the castle by dispossession back into his possession after the countess had fallen out of favor. It should now serve as representational of the game and the entertainment of the " courtly society."
First construction period: 1720-1730
Augustus the Strong had the castle in 1720 in baroque style to build and grow after he had already planned the construction in 1718. He began the work soon with the demolition of the castle church. The plans for the renovation developed Matthäus Daniel Poeppelmann and Zacharias Longuelune, which brought the early classical elements and rectangular shapes. 1721 Water Palace in the form of three separate pavilions was completed. In 1722 it joined the two side pavilions through aisles with the central pavilion. The roofs and cornices of the Water Palace convey a Chinese impression. The use of such East Asian and Oriental elements, so-called chinoiserie, enjoyed in the Baroque period of high popularity. August the Strong wanted to know the lock " Native American" design, which oriental or Asian was meant.
In the years 1723/24 the mountain palace was built as a kind of mirror image to the Water Palace. Between the two was the pleasure garden. 1724 down the stairs leading to the Elbe was completed and 1723-1725 according to the design and under the direction of Poeppelmann the Vineyard Church: built in (also called castle church in the vineyard ). 1725 was Augustus the Strong build the temple of Venus, an octagonal hall with four adjoining pavilion.
Soon after, August the Strong lost interest in Pillnitz and turned to the castle of Moritzburg and a baroque garden to.
Second period of construction: 1778-1791
The castle was built from 1765 by Elector Friedrich August III. used by Saxons, a great-grandson of Augustus the Strong as a summer residence. This required new buildings, so that both sides of mountain and water palace emerged wings. They were built of chief master builder Friedrich Christian Exner, designed by Christian Traugott Weinlig and Johann Daniel Schade. 1780 was the English pavilion and 1804, the Chinese Pavilion.
The New Palace: 1819-1826
The Palace and the Temple of Venus fell on May 1, 1818 a fire completely victim, while water and mountain palace remained intact. Then asked King Frederick Augustus I of building the architect Christian Friedrich Schuricht, a new palace. It should both take over the functions of the old castle as well conclude the installation. Construction began in the spring of 1819. Already in 1822 was the main building, where a neo-classical dome- vaulted banqueting hall is, completed. From 1822 to 1823 located on the same kitchen wing with the royal court cuisine and the brewery was born. Until 1826 the location for mountain palace chapel wing was built with the 1830 Catholic chapel consecrated.
Palace buildings
The main building are the Water Palace (1720-1721), with its large staircase to the river Elbe, the mountain palace (1722-1723) and the water and mountain palace connecting New Palace ( 1819-1826 ).
The palace buildings based on the designs of Daniel Pöppelmann and from 1724 also by Zacharias Longuelune, a representative of the French classical Baroque. In a second phase the wooden wing of the palace were replaced by stone from 1788, designed by Christian Friedrich Traugott Weinlig Exner and Christian, who was also responsible for furnishing the interiors of the palace. The equipment is still preserved in part. So the emperor presented in the wings of the mountain palace located, restored 1966-1971 Weinlig room with rich stucco decoration by the architect Christian Traugott Weinlig preferred style of Louis XVI.
In the New Palace are the domed hall, the Catholic chapel and the royal kitchen. The 1823 inaugurated domed hall is the only neo-classical dome of Dresden. Six free-standing pillars on each side bear the pendant dome. The representative fixed and dining room is decorated with paintings, including Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein, decorated. He has broad access to the Lustgarten.
The Catholic chapel in the New Palace is a hall church, which was built in 1822-1829 and consecrated in 1830. Significantly, their rich furnishings and paintings by Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein. In ten wall and ceiling panels, the artist depicting scenes from the life of Mary is, so also in the altarpiece of the Assumption. On the west side, in the direction Lustgarten, is the chancel; on the east side are the input with the arranged above gallery for Jehmlich organ.
The Royal Court Kitchens has an array of amenities and is in various kitchen specific areas, such as " side of the mouth ", " Bratseite ", "back side ", " Spickkammer ", " meat vault ", " Zehrgarten ", " ice pit " and " kitchen scribbling " divided. Up to 27 employees attended here for the physical well-being of the royal family and of the court.
In the New Palace now houses the Palace Museum, while an Arts and Crafts Museum is housed in the mountain and water palace.
Castle Park
While the gardens at the old castle served merely the economy, these have been extensively expanded and rededicated after appropriation by the Electors of Saxony. Countess of Cosel had 1712 plant the rear gardens. Between the mountain and the water palace of the baroque pleasure garden with fountains and Boskettanlagen arose above the mountain palace 1723 the great castle garden with its twelve rows of trees. Other extensions were in 1778, the English Garden and 1790 the Chinese Garden. From 1874 to 1880 a conifer plant with rare domestic and foreign conifers was created. The thus created site collection of plants from all over the world today comprises six contiguous gardens covering an area of 28 hectares.
The over 230 year old and about 8.90 meters high Pillnitz camellia is considered a botanical attraction. 1801 planted at its present location, it is one of the oldest Japanese camellias in Europe. In the period from February to April appear up to 35,000 flowers.
In addition to the botanical treasures of other attractions are the Orangerie, a pavilion in the English Garden, a Chinese pavilion, the Triton gondola and the Palm House in the park.
English garden with gazebo
The English garden was created in the spring of 1778 to 1725 acquired land in the northwestern part of the park. The man-made landscape in the style of an enthusiasm for nature comes from without substantial staffages. Only a larger than life head of the Juno Ludovisi, a bronze cast of the ancient woman head in the Roman bath museum, one placed in the 19th century on the island in the pond located here.
Johann Daniel Schade designed in 1780 the English pavilion, a round temple modeled after the tempietto in Rome. The three rooms inside are decorated differently. During decorated in Louis XVI style salon on the ground floor with its noble color surprised the floor is finished in white.
Chinese garden with gazebo
The last extension of the castle area, the acquisition of additional land in the northern part of the park in 1790, which included which also has a fountain pond. Here, named after the later build pavilion Chinese garden was created.
The Chinese Pavilion was built in 1804 under the direction of Christian Friedrich Schuricht. Its architecture reflects the former China desk. The interior consists of only one compartment. Its walls are painted with eight Chinese landscape paintings, most probably derived from Johann Ludwig Giesel. The Chinese Pavilion is considered the best simulation of a closed East Asian European edifice.
Triton gondola
On display is in the castle park and a red Elbgondel (Triton gondola ) of the Elector Friedrich August III. of Saxony. It was built along with a " green sister " to a design by Christian Friedrich Schuricht in 1800 from Hamburg shipwright Johann Christoph Paetzold. The gondolas were the courtly traffic between Pillnitz and the residence in Dresden. Strong weathering damage forced its restoration in 1954, taking out parts of both boats are the historical model nachgeschaffene gondola was built. This is now exhibited receiving under a chinoisierende forms shelter in the park.
Palm House
The 1859 built until 1861 under John of Saxony as a modern steel cast construction Palm House was regarded as the largest greenhouse in Germany and is today one of the oldest surviving cast steel and glass buildings in Europe. Composed of three joined together greenhouses greenhouse complex has a total length of 93.70 meters. At 660 square feet, it houses today in various hot and cold areas of plants from Australia and South Africa. The south wing with South African " Cape plants" is divided into a range of hot and cold. Palm trees are located in the 12 -meter high and 15 meter wide central hall, the octagon. The northern wing of the Australian vegetation of the cold and warm areas is shown.
Environment
1723 was Augustus the Strong as a substitute for the chapel of the Protestant community of the village in the east of the castle situated vineyard a new church, the Vineyard Church "For the Holy Spirit ," erect. Again, the planning was in the hands of Daniel Pöppelmann. The dedication was 1725th in the church in 1648 created the altar of the sculptor Johann Georg Kretzschmar found a worthy place.
The running from the castle to the northeast Friedrichsgrund was in 1780 by careful interventions in the existing forest and valleys for hiking the Elector Friedrich August III. adapted from Saxony. Here, the historical trail runs for about 2.5 miles away Meixmühle and on to Borsberg, decorate the numerous stone bridges and other smaller follies.
As a symbol of the transience of all creation was built in 1785 artificial ruins in the form of a ruined medieval knight's castle high on a nearby hill overlooking the Friedrichsgrund. It was designed in the style of so-called neo-Gothic probably by Johann Daniel Schade. Your gothic ruins was a deliberate addition to the baroque Schloss Pillnitz, their symbol of transience, a contrast to the cheerful character of the Lustgarten. Add to that the historical memory of the located at the same place castle from the Middle Ages, whose ruins were used in the construction. The embodied the rococo interior was used inter alia as a dining room.
1872, a column of honor on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the marriage Saxon King John and his wife Amalie Auguste was built a few meters from the neo-Gothic ruins away.
Located opposite the Water Palace is 900 meters long and 10.5 -acre Pillnitzer Elbinsel served by their inclusion in the courtly festivities of Augustus the Strong, especially the pheasant breeding. A bathroom for the royal family lived was built here in the late 18th century. The last remaining island of the still existing in 1831 in the Saxon area of the Elbe 18 Elbe island is a nature reserve since 1924. Here you can still find the remains of a floodplain forest, as it was originally spread throughout the Elbe Valley.
Exhibitions
The Pillnitz Castle Museum is housed in the New Palace. It presents the domed hall, the Catholic chapel and the royal court cuisine. In addition, it illustrates the history of Pillnitz Castle and Park as well as court life.
In the water and mountain palace, the Museum of Decorative Arts was founded in 1876 and belonging to the State Art Collections in Dresden since 1962 (Museum of Arts and Crafts ). It shows with the electors and kings of Saxony associated objects and spaces, such as gilded thrones, silver furniture, glasses Wine Cellars, textiles and earthenware objects. The Electoral royal atmosphere represent particularly in the mountain palace designed in the style of Antoine Watteau dining room and the Weinlig room with rich stucco decoration. Other areas through the history of the regional and international arts and crafts from five centuries, including arts and crafts valuable objects from East Asia.