Plasterer

Plasterer plasterer ( official name in Austria and Germany; Italian - French), plastering ( Occupation in Southern Germany, common name in Switzerland, plasterers and plastering in the North German ), is the professional term for a working in the interiors and facades builders and the related training profession. The Occupation in southern journeyman is: plasterers and plasterer.

  • 5.1 vintages 1500-1599
  • 5.2 vintages 1600-1699
  • 5.3 vintages 1700-1799
  • 5.4 vintages from 1800

Vocational

Plasterers plastering walls in interior and exterior, provide lightweight partition walls and suspended ceilings plasterboard (drywall) and Rabitz ago. Another important field is the thermal insulation of buildings, such as EIFS.

The name derives from the profession is working with stucco (plastic molding of mortars and plaster on plastered surfaces ). This area of ​​activity is in demand today. Plasterers renovate, generate and process stucco. This work requires a good education, experience and intuition. Stuck parts can also be created locally at the site both in the workshop, prefabricated as. Depending on the installation of the building is a distinction between interior and exterior stucco. The combination of classical techniques with modern stucco coating techniques and modern design today provides suitable design options for each construction project.

Work equipment

Some of the main work means the plasterer: trowel, trowel, plastering iron, trapeze bar, Vorziehlatte, metal shears, trowels, spirit level, plumb, straight edge and possibly a cleaning machine / mixing pump for machine plaster application.

As agents include: gypsum, lime, lime-cement, cement and clay plasters. Among other things, plasterboard, screed and insulation are used.

Training

Germany

In order to learn the trade of plasterer in a training company requires at least a secondary school. The training to become a plasterer lasts three years in the dual education system and ends with the final apprenticeship exam. The practical part of the teaching takes place in operation or in -company training courses and the theoretical part of the vocational school. The force since 1999 Education Regulation allows training with credit opportunity. Thus one obtains the professional degree in construction finishing after two years and with a building upon another year of training as a plasterer. After training to master plasterers and plastering interior can get training for a restorer or start his own company of plasterer crafts. → Big qualification. The independent practice of the learned profession as a journeyman is prohibited by the restriction of freedom of trade of the Chamber of Crafts. Since autumn 2012, the German plastering sector also offers a dual study model building climate.

In each country specialized classes, increasingly, training content in the range color techniques and color design are taught. The Federal Association of finishing and facade the craft of plastering craft are advised in all respects on the basis of voluntary membership. The association also directs the federal skills competition stucco plaster - drywall plasterers of the right to participate in the WorldSkills.

Austria

In Austria is the official name according to the Vocational Training Act (BAG ) plasterer and dry fitters. Austrian apprentices are also formed three and a half years dual and place at the end of the final apprenticeship examination. The training content is based on the job description under consideration of current developments.

After completing his apprenticeship training to master or foreman can be completed. The independent practice of the profession is possible for plasterers in regulated craft of plasterers and decorators as well as dry in the craft of heat, cold, noise and Branddämmer.

Plasterers as an artist

In the Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism plasterers occur as an important shaper of predominantly church, but also representative worldly interiors. They are just as artists such as the painter and sculptor, with whom they work. Especially in the Rococo succeed a unique fusion of wall and ceiling frescoes with stucco and architecture. Similarly hallmark of the era is a STUCCO ornament: the Rocaille. Often the plasterers themselves are also architects, painters or ( stucco ) sculptor.

Among the most important plasterers in art history include the Asam brothers, the brothers Johann Baptist and Dominic Zimmermann, Joseph Schmuzer and the families of artists Carlone and Feuchtmayer.

Plasterers of the 17th and 18th century, whose style was influenced by their education or work at the Bavarian Benedictine Wessobrunn be grouped under the (first coined in 1888 ) term Wessobrunner school.

Plasterers were the first that were used to create sculptural stage sets. Through specializations especially in material science from it later an independent profession, the theater sculptor developed.

List of major plasterers

In chronological order of the dates of birth

Vintages from 1500 to 1599

  • Perino del Vaga ( Pietro Buonaccorsi, 1501-1547 ), Italian painter and plasterer Renaissance
  • Fedele Casella ( detectable 1522-1547 ), Italian sculptor and plasterer Renaissance
  • Scipione Casella ( detectable 1543-1553 ), Italian sculptor, plasterer and silversmith of the Renaissance

Vintages from 1600 to 1699

  • Daniel Anchorman ( active around 1620 in Güstrow Castle )
  • Johann Schmuzer (1642-1701), German plasterer ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Johann Jakob Herkomer (1648-1652), German architect, sculptor, painter and plasterer of the Baroque
  • Giovanni Simonetti (1652-1716), Swiss plasterer of the Early and High Baroque
  • Franz Joseph Feuchtmayer (1660-1718), German plasterer
  • Karl Engel (Carlo Angelini, * before 1664; † after 1702), Swiss architect and plasterer of the Baroque
  • Giovanni Visconti (1663-1723), Italian plasterer of the late Baroque
  • Giovanni Giuliani (1664-1744), Italian -Austrian sculptor and plasterer of the Baroque
  • Santino Bussi ( 1664/66-1736/37 ), Italian Hofstuckateur in Austria
  • Pietro Francesco Appiani (1670-1724), Italian plasterer
  • Giuseppe Volpini (1670-1729), Italian sculptor and plasterer of the Baroque
  • Diego Carlone (1674-1750), Italian plasterer
  • Alberto Camesina (1675-1756), Swiss plasterer Baroque
  • Johann Baptist Zimmermann (1680-1758), German painter and plasterer of Baroque and Rococo
  • Andrea Gallasini (1680-1766), Swiss plasterer of the Baroque
  • Joseph Schmuzer (1683-1752), German architect and plastering of the Baroque and Rococo ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Dominic Zimmermann (1685-1766), German architect and plastering of the Rococo ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Charles Dubut (1687-1742), French sculptor, plasterer and bronze casters of the High Baroque
  • Retti Riccardo (1687-1741), Italian plasterer
  • APPIANI Jacopo (1687-1742), Italian plasterer Rococo
  • Paul Egell (1691-1752), German sculptor and plasterer of the early rococo
  • Quirin Asam Egid (1692-1750), German painter, sculptor and plasterer of the Rococo
  • François de Cuvilliés the Elder (1695-1768), Belgian - German architect, sculptor and plasterer of the Rococo
  • Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer (1696-1770), German sculptor and plasterer of the Rococo ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Johann Baptist Modler (1697-1774), German sculptor and plasterer of the Rococo

Vintages from 1700 to 1799

  • Johannes Schütz (1704-1752), German plasterer ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Joseph Fischer (1704-1771), German plasterer
  • Francesco Pozzi (1704-1789), Swiss plasterer
  • Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer the Elder (1705-1764), German plasterer Rococo ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Johann Joseph Christian (1706-1777), German sculptor, wood carver and plasterer of the Rococo
  • Johann Wolfgang von der Auwera (1708-1756), German plasterer Rococo
  • Antonio Giuseppe Bossi ( † 1764), Italian - German plasterer Rococo, Hofstuckateur in Würzburg
  • Anton Gigl († 1769), German plasterer ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Ignaz Finsterwalder (1708-1772), German plasterer ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Johann Michael Feuchtmayer the Younger (1709-1772), German sculptor and plasterer ( Wessobrunner school)
  • Johann Christian Wentzinger (1710-1797), sculptor, painter and plasterer
  • Johann Georg Gigl (1710-1765), the plasterer Wessobrunner school
  • Johann August Nahl the Elder (1710-1781), German Interior, sculptor and plasterer
  • Joseph Gregory Wink (1710-1781), German painter and plasterer
  • Giovanni Battista Pedrozzi (1711-1778), Swiss Hofstuckateur in Bayreuth
  • Franz Xaver Schmuzer (1713-1775), German plasterer, son of Joseph Schmuzer
  • Giuseppe Antonio Albuccio (1720-1776), Italian Baroque stucco plasterer of the
  • Mathias upper Mayr (1720-1799), German sculptor and plasterer of rococo
  • Hans Michael Henn Bird (1722-1808), the plasterer Wessobrunner school
  • Johann Georg Dirr (1723-1779), German sculptor and plasterer of classicism
  • Joseph Anton Pozzi ( Giuseppe Antonio, 1732-1811 ), German plasterer, son of Francesco Pozzi
  • Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer the Younger (1735-1803), German plasterer, son of Franz Xaver the Elder
  • Johann Kaspar Gigl (1737-1784), Stuckator the Wessobrunner school
  • Johann Ignaz Palliardi (1737-1824), Italian - Czech builder and plasterer of classicism
  • Materno Bossi (1737-1802), Italian plasterer, nephew of Antonio Giuseppe Bossi
  • Johann Georg Wieland (1742-1802), German sculptor and plasterer of classicism
  • Petrus Nicolaas Gaginis (1745-1811), Switzerland - Ticino master plasterer
  • Francesco Antonio Tadey (1767-1827), Swiss plasterer
  • Christian Philipp Wolff (1772-1820), German architect, sculptor and plasterer

Vintages from 1800

  • Thanks to Friedrich Wilhelm Berg (1819-1866), German sculptor and plasterer
  • Lorenz Zotz the Elder (1862-1903), Austrian plasterer
  • Josef Schnitzer sen. (1877-1951), German plasterer
  • Hubert Zotz (1875-1960), Austrian plasterer
  • Lorenz Zotz the Younger (1902-1985), Austrian plasterer
  • Aemilian Zotz (1908-1984), Austrian plasterer
  • Josef Schnitzer jun. (1915-1984), German plasterer
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