Platyrrhinus

Platyrrhinus sp.

The strips fruit Vampire ( Platyrrhinus ) are a bat genus within the subfamily of fruit Vampire ( Stenodermatinae ). The genus includes at least 15 species that are widespread in Central and South America.

Description

The strips Fruit Vampires are one of the most species-rich genera of the sheet tabs; they are very similar to the other fruit vampires; from head to tail measure the individual species on average 36-98 mm, they weigh about 12 to 54 g The usual coat colors vary between dark brown and black, the eponymous pale dorsal and face stripes are most pronounced. The Dorsalstreifen begins between the ears and ending at the rear wing membrane. The medium-sized species between Panama and the Andes are very similar and have been partly recognized until a few years ago as a different species.

The dental formula is I2 / 2 C1 / 1 P2 / 2 M3 / 3 = 32 is the chromosome number 2n = 30; FN = 56

The species of the genus feed mainly on fruits, some species also eat insects and nectar. In small groups of three to ten animals, the strip - fruit vampires live in tree hollows, caves, buildings, or in tent-like structures that they generate by Bebiss of larger leaves; their propagation varies between local populations and species, but is usually tied to the rainy periods of the year.

The strips Fruit vampires are like all fruit vampires in their habitat to the main seed spreaders for fruit-bearing trees and thus play an essential role in the regeneration of the forest and the colonization of new areas by these plants.

Differences related taxa

To distinguish them from the other fruit vampires are the vampires fruit strips by the simultaneous occurrence of three characteristics which, although individually also occur in other species, but composed of the strip - fruit Vampires are limited: first, the presence of the third upper molar; 2 two additional tubercles on the rear side of the third premolar and 3 of a fringe of hair on the wing membrane between the hind limbs ( Uropatagium ).

Dissemination

The genus is restricted to the Neotropics, their species from southern Mexico and the Caribbean in the north spread to Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Southeast Brazil to the south. On the eastern slope of the Andes come up to four species from the genus in the same area. Main habitats are the tropical rain forest, and mountain forests; from the sea level to altitudes above 2250m.

System

Until the 1990s, the scientific genus name Vampyrops was dominant, but was ousted after. The genus belongs to the subtribe about seven genera comprehensive Vampyressina the fruit of vampires in the monotypic genus Vampyrodes forms a Schwestertoxon to the stripes Fruit vampires. Within the genus, there are three major groups of species, evolutionary Platyrrhinus lineatus is separated from all other species most; then followed by a separation of an Amazonian ( Platyrrhinus helleri, Platyrrhinus matapalensis, Platyrrhinus recifinus, Platyrrhinus brachycephalus ) and an Andean clade ( Platyrrhinus albericoi, Platyrrhinus aurarius, Platyrrhinus dorsalis, Platyrrhinus infuscus, Platyrrhinus Ismaeli, Platyrrhinus masu, Platyrrhinus Nigellus and Platyrrhinus vittatus ). Of the 15 generally recognized species are eleven in 2009 as a non- endangered, Platyrrhinus matapalensis as Near Threatened ( Near Threatened ), Platyrrhinus Ismaeli as threatened ( Vulnerable ) and Platyrrhinus chocoensis as endangered ( Endangered ), while for Platyrrhinus umbratus not enough data for an assessment present (Data Deficient ).

• Platyrrhinus albericoi Velazco, 2005, is the largest species with a very pronounced and snow- white stripes on the face, which on the eastern slope of the Andes in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador - occurs at altitudes 1480-2500 m - perhaps southern Colombia.
• Platyrrhinus aurarius, ( Handley & Ferris, 1972), medium -sized species and endemic to the Guiana Shield at altitudes 140-1250 m.
• Platyrrhinus brachycephalus ( Rouk & Carter, 1972), smaller, pale to medium brown species ( ~ 15.5 g) with a striking Dorsalstreifen. The species lives in the rain forests of northern South America and the Amazon at altitudes 175-375 m.
• Platyrrhinus chocoensis Alberico & Velasco, 1991, medium -sized species with two-tone peritoneum comes in heights before 35-305 m from the Colombian Chocó in the north to north-western Ecuador to the south.
• Platyrrhinus dorsalis (Thomas, 1900), medium -sized species with light brown face strips, comes at the eastern and western slopes of the Andes before between Colombia and Ecuador at elevations from 150 to over 2000 m.
• Platyrrhinus helleri (Peters, 1866), small extremely widespread species ( from Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Amazon Rainforest in the south, and Trinidad and Tobago, 160-1295 m) with two-tone peritoneum.
• Pale stripes fruit bat ( Platyrrhinus infuscus (Peters, 1880) ), large species with hairy rear wing membrane, weakly pronounced Dorsalstreifen; Deposits from Colombia to Peru and Bolivia, and northwestern Brazil (180-1900 m).
• Platyrrhinus Ismaeli Velazco, 2005, medium -sized species with weak dorsal and face strips that Platyrrhinus similar dorsalis strong; it occurs in eastern and western slopes of the Andes between Colombia and Peru at altitudes 1230-2950 m.
• Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810), small, dark style with four indistinct brown stripes yellow face; Deposits from Colombia to Peru, Paraguay, eastern Brazil and Guyana.
• Platyrrhinus masu Velazco, 2005, medium -sized species with wide and bright white face brushing from the eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia at altitudes of 650-3350 m.
• Platyrrhinus matapalensis Velazco, 2005, small type, with light brown fur; Occurrence: West side of the Andes in Ecuador and Peru at altitudes 54-680 m.
• Platyrrhinus Nigellus (Gardner & Carter, 1972), medium -sized species with dark facial stripes, occurs in the Andes of Venezuela and Colombia, to Peru and Bolivia at altitudes 620-2757 m.
• Platyrrhinus nitelinea Velazco Gardner in 2009, larger schwarzfellige type with pronounced stripes, native to western Colombia and western Ecuador.
• Platyrrhinus recifinus (Thomas, 1901), Platyrrhinus lineatus very much similar, but slightly larger type, it is endemic in the Brazilian Mata Atlântica, but unlike most of the endemic species of the forest not threatened.
• Platyrrhinus umbratus (Lyon, 1902) medium -sized species, which is found at elevations from 250 to over 2000 m in Colombia and northern Venezuela.
• Platyrrhinus vittatus (Peters, 1860), large type with wide and bright white facial stripes that lives in altitude 640-1400 m in Costa Rica, Panama, western and northern Colombia and northern Venezuela.