Pranger

The pillory, whipping post or Kaak was a punishment tool in the form of a column, a wooden post or a platform on which an Offender was handcuffed and publicly demonstrated. First, torture tool and a place for corporal punishment ( flogged ), the pillory was from the 13th century to the widespread enforcement of penalties honor. The pillory was the cities as an outward sign of the jurisdiction.

Punishment

The punishment consisted mainly in the public disgrace which the condemned had to endure and often a "normal " Continue living in the community made ​​it impossible or very difficult. Even the punished was exposed to the insults of the passers-by who were not safe for him. Also, the pelting of the person concerned with objects and the Spanking ( Low German " kaakstreeken " Streek = String and accordingly Danish " kagstryge " ) were common. In many cities (eg Lübeck) however, it was prohibited, with solid objects according to the person in the pillory ( herein referred to as Kaak ) to throw.

One of the last cases is likely to be recorded in 1853 in Berlin: At the height of the reaction in Prussia, a woman was at the house Vogteiplatz still pilloried for perjury: "... when it struck us that before Hausvogtei a curious people flock uncomfortably pressed forward slightly. We quickened our steps and now saw a pretty elderly, corpulent woman with hands backwards tied to a stake, was to read about the: Due perjury '. You wrote 1853. So it was a made at the height of the reaction attempt to introduce the pillory the medieval punishment again. When we were on the way back at twelve clock at the same place, the spectacle of us boys, of course, very interest had already disappeared from the scene. The government had probably realized that after 1848 it something no longer allowed to offer the Berliners. "

Designs

There are various types of the pillory:

• An iron collar attached to a chain at the town hall, the church or other public building
• A sunken wooden stake into the ground with a neck iron it ( whipping ). In France, this was called pile Poteau, in the Netherlands Schandpaal.
• A seat pillory, a Schandstuhl or Schandesel, was a wooden frame, which stood on a public square. The subject had to sit on it ( donkey ride ).
• A cage for standing and sitting in public places. Such is still on the market today the city Leutschau ( Levoča ) in Slovakia and in Möhringen on the Danube.
• Also the stone is blasphemous to include this.

Dissemination

• In England and its former colonies is a distinction between the permanently built pillory (from Latin pila = pillar, pillar) and the movable and less humiliating stocks, in which the hands of the punished were clamped (see also the German stick or foot block ).
• The pilori in France was a permanently erected, small tower with a ring of wood or iron for the head and arms, often mounted on a turntable in order to exhibit the punished for all pages.
• In Spain there is a rollo or picota mainly in the small towns of Castile. Usually they are in the main square (eg Guadamur ), in some cases, but also a little out of town (eg Berlanga de Duero ). All have in common is a abgetreppter base; many have above the stem and below the ' crown ' is an outreaching in four directions disk.
• In Portugal and its former colonies, many pelourinhos are obtained, typically in the main square or in front of a church or a palace (for example, in Cidade Velha on the Cape Verde Islands ). In Salvador, the former colonial capital of Brazil, is now called the entire old town pelourinho.
• In ancient China, Japan and Korea, a square wooden board with a circular opening for the neck (Chinese项 锁, Pinyin ànsuǒ, neck bondage ', . Kor 칼, kal; jap首 枷, kubikase, " neck chain "). There were versions for only one punished or for several. In Europe such instruments as violin neck were known.

Berlanga de Duero - dishtowels or picota

Pelourinho in Cidade Velha, Cape Verde Islands

Pillory in Wroclaw

Pillory in Krzeszów

Block

The block as well common form of the pillory consisted usually of two parallel boards, which were connected by a hinge to each other and attached to the end of a strong stake. In both boards were recesses for the neck and the left and right of it, for the wrists. The boards closed now tied the offender around neck and hands. He became so equipped then exhibited in public places.

Famous cases

One of the most prominent persons in the pillory was the English writer Daniel Defoe, which was made in 1703 in London for his satires on the pillory. However, his poem Hymn to the Pillory (English pillory ) spoke to the audience in such a way from the heart, that it pelted him with flowers, instead of drinking with the usual case of fruit and stones, and on his health.

" Place it in the pillory "

In a figurative sense means " Place it in the pillory " to expose someone quasi- institutional public. The Nazis used the term, for example, in their hateful radio program magazine The German stations. The category in which the editors grappled critically with past radio programs, called " radio - pillory ".

Today

Despite the modern proscription of the pillory similar forms of public performance still exist: Media actual or alleged offenders ( often with a picture or a statement of the name) put on display. Officially by the authorities lists of offenders are released (eg, rapists ) with full name, address and photo in the USA now. As part of the so-called " Creative Sentencing " are increasing, especially in the United States, alternative convictions, which also provides the public denunciation of the condemned, among other things. Large media attention also received a case in the U.S. state of Ohio, in which a woman was sentenced by the court to one hours long twice a sign saying " Only a fool would pass on the sidewalk a school bus " hold up ..

The legal basis of " online Prangern " as they were operated, inter alia, on the part of the Bavarian State Office for Health and Food Safety and the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine -Westphalia to publish breaches of food law is controversial.

Furthermore, pillory and related constructs in the field of BDSM can be used.