Primula auricula

Auricula (Primula auricula )

The Auricula or Auricula (Primula auricula ) is a plant that belongs to the genus of primroses (Primula ). Regional, for example in Bavaria, the Primrose is known as Auricula.

Description

The Auricula grows as an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant reaches a height 5-25 inches, making it the largest alpine primrose species.

The plant parts of the auricle are pollinated more than a little mealy. The arranged in a basal rosette leaves are narrow obovate to lanceolate with a length of about 2 to 12 centimeters. The leaf margin is notched or entire. The surface is glossy, gray-green and dry like the edge sparsely covered with short, long under 0.2 millimeters glandular hairs. The water-storing leaves sometimes have a clear cartilage edge, are fleshy, relatively thick and have a wax coating that protects against solar radiation and evaporation limits.

Four to twelve flowers are borne in a doldigen inflorescence. The weak to strong fragrant hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 15 to 25 millimeters and are radial symmetry, fünfzählig double perianth. The sepals are fused bell-shaped. The cup is nearly half as long as the corolla tube. The bright yellow petals are fused into a corolla tube that ends in five corolla lobes spreading. The fruits are spherical capsules with brown black, up to 1.5 mm long seeds.

The flowering period extends from April to June, the fruit ripening from September to October.

Ecology

The auricle is a perennial Hemikryptophyt and a rosette plant with vigorous rhizome. The evergreen, succulent leaves are used in winter as starch storage. The plant is a deep-rooting.

The flowers are gay game " stem plate flowers with included anthers and scars ." Pollinators of fragrant flowers are usually bumblebees, rare butterflies. Long handles Lige flowers, in which should be possible at the fall of the corolla self-pollination, flower in front of the short-styled.

The fruits spread the seeds as wind spreader and Regenschwemmlinge, even people spread as a garden plant occurs. The seeds are light and cold to germinate.

Vegetative reproduction occurs through the rhizome.

Occurrence

The distribution area of the auricle includes the western Northern Calcareous Alps including Jura, Black Forest and some relic sites in the Bavarian Alpine foothills north to the Danube tightness in world castle and the Tatra Mountains. It occurs in eastern France, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, southern Germany, western Austria (Vorarlberg, Tyrol), in south-western Poland and in Slovakia.

The auricle is from the valley up to 2900 m above sea level. NN encountered. As a location preferred this kalkstete plant calcareous mats, rock crevices, debris and even upholstery harrow lawn. The auricle has been found during the Ice Age refuge in deeper, more sheltered areas.

System

The first publication of Primula auricula was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. Primula auricula belongs to the sub-section Euauricula from the section Auricula in the subgenus within the genus Primula Auriculastrum.

The auricle is rich in form; basis of present knowledge it is divided into three subspecies:

• Primula auricula subsp. auricula: the plant is floured only at the calyx and corolla tube at the throat of the. The leaves are obovate and up to 7 inches wide, they are thick, leathery, and usually have no cartilaginous edge. The flowers are odorless or smell weak. This subspecies is found in the Alps, in the foothills of the Alps and the Jura.
• Primula auricula subsp. tatriaca LBZhang: the plant is floured on the foliage leaves mostly clear. The leaves are narrow obovate and are only up to 4 inches wide, they are thick, leathery, and usually have no cartilaginous edge. The flowers have a strong odor. This subspecies located in the Tatra Mountains.
• Primula auricula subsp. widmerae ( Pax ) LBZhang: the leaves are lanceolate and unbemehlt, they are very thin, herbaceous, long and densely hairy and have a narrow cartilaginous edge. This subspecies is found only in the southern Black Forest.

No longer belong to Aurikel occurring in the southern and eastern Alps, the Apennines, in Hungary, in the West Carpathians and the Balkan Peninsula populations as Primula balbisii clay. 2004 (Syn. Primula auricula subsp. Balbisii ( Lehm. ) Nyman ) were separated.

Toxicity

The plant is poisonous in all its parts.

Active ingredients are saponins in the root and 0.8 % oil, mainly with Paeoenol, primin and traces of esters in the herb Myrestin, cyanine, 3 ', 4'- dihydroxyflavone and kaempferol, a flavone in flour dust.

Pharmacological effects: the plant may cause dermatitis. The phenomena occurring in contact are apparently caused by an allergen, and not by a substance that some East Asian with the known Primelgift species such as Primula obconica has to do. In contrast to the rash from poison primroses still missing the itching, also occurs no more, but a much weaker response in repeated contact.