Professional mobile radio

Operation of radio, wireless and industrial operation, is a collective term for radio application that can be assigned to the Land Mobile Radio Service. In Germany this radio applications run under the name of private land mobile radio ( nÖmL ) and are divided into various application areas by civil needs support groups. Requirements carriers include trade, craft and commercial enterprises, public institutions, sports clubs and service companies. This usually entails mobile land stations are used. The military radio applications in question or of the authorities and organizations with security tasks run under the Radio Regulations -compliant designation Land Mobile Service.

(See also: House radio system ).

Individual approval or composite use

So far, each user had to apply for an individual non-transferable license for himself or his company. For this he had to build itself which is crucial for a good range of base station. Since 2009 there is also the possibility to obtain a permit to use composite for the first time. A service provider can now build a relay station in a highly visible location and rent their shared to other users. This corresponds to the repeaters known in the U.S. for decades principle of the community.

Analog and digital mobile radio

In previous analogue commercial radio, there was only the possibility to transmit speech. Various regulations in the former VornöFa aimed to consolidate the monopoly of the former German Federal Post Office. It was forbidden for the average trader:

• Voice & data traffic between base stations (evasion of telephone charges)
• Relay stations to range improvement
• To defend themselves against eavesdropping with speech scrambling ( enabling eavesdropping ).

With The 2009 approval of digital modes in mobile radio using the new administrative regulation for the first time accounts for the above restrictions. Radio channels can now be used without restriction for both data transmission as well as for fixed radio links. Voice connections can be secured with an individual key from unwanted eavesdroppers or competitors (eg in the taxi radio ).

It can now choose between two competing standards:

• DMR - Digital Mobile Radio, TDMA system, vendors: Motorola, RADIO DATA, Selex, Funkwerk AG
• DPMR, FDMA system, suppliers: Icom, Kenwood

Diamond plan as a basis of the frequency allocation

A radio network of professional mobile radio is usually from a fixed radio system with a number of appropriate mobile stations ( car radio equipment, handheld radios and pager ). For a radio network is a radio coverage area is approved with a radius of 10 bis 19 km usual. The limit after VornöFa are 100 radios per channel. A need support ( company, association, ...) gets assigned ( one channel ) is generally a frequency.

The territory of the Federal Republic of Germany was on the map with a diamond-shaped pattern, called the "hash map ", covered.

Nine each frequency assignment areas are known as " small diamonds " numbered according to a certain pattern, forming a " big diamond ". The available frequencies are divided into the nine frequency allocation areas in each " large diamond ". With this scheme, it is achieved that in a certain frequency allocation area used frequencies can be reused only in repeat regions with a certain minimum distance. The size and number of diamonds are chosen so that for use in a small diamond with standardized parameters ( radiated power and antenna height ) the allocation of individual frequencies only occur in repetition frequency areas generally with low interference field.

Not diamond- bound radio system

Wireless networks without fixed radio system is approved to a geographical area, such as district Merseburg - Querfurt or nationwide. These sites hiking frequencies can be partially run, as there are only a few. Hand-held radios without fixed station almost always get these frequencies, while they can also be approved for devices from diamond- bound approval.

Approval

The approval for a radio network issued by the competent branch office of the Federal Network Agency ( FNA ), formerly the Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Post ( Regulatory Authority ). In the permit the operating frequency, the location of the stationary radio system, the antenna height, the antenna type and the radiated power are determined.

Of Fees

The fees regulations shall determine € 130 registration fee per radio network and about 1.25 to € 15.00 per radio. The fees are therefore not dependent on the number of authorized radio channels, but only on the number of registered devices. The law states that only the actual costs associated with the frequency allocation and monitoring, they shall on the radio subscriber. The fees will be recalculated annually.

Frequency allocations for the operation of radio

In Germany frequencies of the following frequency bands are allocated:

Given the limited number of radio frequencies is an allocation in general for common use of the frequency with other license holders. The VornöFa are as a limit before 100 radios per channel and grid square ( diamond). Nevertheless, to hear only their own devices and shut out strangers, various paging method can be used. In Europe, very popular is the 5-tone sequence method, outside, one usually works with CTCSS or 2 -tone call.

Radio in the car

Radios are the Bavarian interior ministry 's view, no safety-related equipment that would have to meet certain European regulations.

The so-called cell phone ban only applies to mobile phones, the use of radio equipment is not affected by the ban. So are affected by the ban neither the CB nor the operation of radio, bad radio ( eg police, fire, ambulance, etc.) and not the amateur radio service.