Pterocarpus

Pterocarpus indicus

Pterocarpus is a plant genus of the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) in the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The botanical genus name Pterocarpus means " winged fruit" and refers to the unusual shape of the legumes.

Some Pterocarpus species are also known as sandalwood or wing fruit trees, but both trivial names are used for species of other genera: sandalwood trees for species from the family of Sandelholzgewächse ( Santalaceae ), wing fruit trees for species of the family wing fruit plants ( Dipterocarpaceae ). Wing fruit is a term for winged diaspores ( distribution units), which are transported by the wind, see Meteorochorie.

Description

The Pterocarpus species grow as evergreen to deciduous trees, rarely shrubs. From the inner region occurs in injuries from a red juice. Many of the species often form from massive buttress roots. The unpaired pinnate leaves are up to 50 cm long. The leaflets are alternate to nearly opposite constantly on the rachis. There are Stipules present.

There shall be a terminal or axillary, racemose or Rispige inflorescences. The bracts are small. The hermaphrodite flowers ( typical " butterfly flowers " ) are zygomorphic and fünfzählig. The five sepals are fused into a bell-shaped calyx, with different calyx teeth of which the upper two are more or less fused. The petals have the typical structure of the Fabaceae. The five petals are yellow to orange. The flag is broad - ovate to almost round. The boat is shorter than the two wings. The two petals of the boat are little more than overgrown. There are intergrown nine of the ten stamens Roehrig or ten stamens stand together in two groups. The single carpel has few ovules. The scar is small.

The woody, circular legumes consist of one, usually only one, rarely containing up to three seeds, different thickness, the central area and a wide surrounding him wings; in some species the wing is slightly smaller. These legumes do not open automatically. The kidney- shaped seed has a small " hilum ".

Dissemination

The approximately 50 species of species of pantropical is widespread, with more than half occur in Africa and Asia. Most species grow in tropical rainforests; some species are also found in seasonal dry forests, swamps and savannas.

Use

  • Wood

Muninga or African Padouk ( Pterocarpus angolensis ).

Pterocarpus officinalis - Museum specimen

Some Pterocarpus species are commercially important timbers. The wood is mainly used for the musical instruments that uses veneer and furniture manufacturing. Examples are originating from Southeast Asia Zitan or Manila- Padouk, Narrabaum ( Pterocarpus indicus) and Burma Padauk ( Pterocarpus macrocarpus ); the African species Muninga or African Padouk ( Pterocarpus angolensis ) and African Padouk wood or coral ( Pterocarpus soyauxii ).

The bark ingredients ( flavonoid ) of Malabarkino ( Pterocarpus marsupium ) from South India had earlier pharmaceutical importance. From the native to Central America dragon's blood tree, " palo de sangre " ( Pterocarpus officinalis), a resin is obtained which has medical importance because of its hemostatic effect.

System

The genus Pterocarpus belongs to the tribe Dalbergieae in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). A synonym for Pterocarpus Jacq. is Phellocarpus Benth ..

There are about 35 (25 to 50) Pterocarpus species:

  • Pterocarpus acapulcensis Rose
  • Pterocarpus albopubescens Hauman
  • Pterocarpus amazonum ( Benth. ) Amshoff
  • East African Padouk ( Pterocarpus angolensis DC. )
  • Pterocarpus antunesii ( Taub. ) Harms
  • Pterocarpus brenanii Barbosa & Torre
  • Pterocarpus claessensii De Wild.
  • Pterocarpus dalbergioides DC.
  • Pterocarpus echinatus pers.
  • African sandalwood ( Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. )
  • Pterocarpus gilletii De Wild.
  • Pterocarpus hockii De Wild.
  • Pterocarpus homblei De Wild.
  • Narrabaum ( Pterocarpus indicus) Willd.
  • Pterocarpus lucens Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr.
  • Pterocarpus macrocarpus short
  • Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.
  • Pterocarpus mildbraedii Harms
  • Pterocarpus mutondo De Wild.
  • Dragon's Blood Tree ( Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq. )
  • Pterocarpus orbiculatus DC.
  • Pterocarpus osun Craib
  • Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl
  • Pterocarpus rotundifolius ( Sond. ) Druce
  • Pterocarpus santalinoides L' Hér. ex DC.
  • Red sandalwood or Rotsandelholzbaum, Padouk, Kaliaturholzbaum ( Pterocarpus santalinus L. f )
  • African Padouk ( Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub. )
  • Pterocarpus ternatus Rizzini
  • Pterocarpus tessmannii Harms
  • Pterocarpus tinctorius Welw.
  • Pterocarpus velutinus De Wild.
  • Pterocarpus villosus ( Benth. ) Benth.
  • Pterocarpus violaceus bird
  • Pterocarpus zehntneri Harms
  • Pterocarpus zenkeri Harms

The following species are currently not assigned to this genus:

  • Pterocarpus australis Endl. → Callerya australis ( Endl. ) Schot
  • Pterocarpus cultratus Vell. → Lonchocarpus cultratus ( Vell. ) AMGAzevedo & HCLima
  • Pterocarpus falcatus Vell. → Poecilanthe falcata ( Vell. ) Heringer
  • Pterocarpus frutescens Vell. → Dalbergia frutescens ( Vell. ) Britton
  • Pterocarpus gummifera Bertero ex DC. → Ateleia gummifera ( Bertero ex DC. ) D.Dietr.
  • Pterocarpus lunatus L. f → Machaerium lunate ( L. f ) Ducke
  • Pterocarpus niger Vell. → Dalbergia nigra ( Vell. ) Allemão ex Benth.

Swell

  • R. K. Brummitt, D.K. Harder, G. P. Lewis, J. M. Lock, R. M. Polhill & B. Verdcourt: Pterocarpus in Leguminosae, Flora Zambesiaca, Vol 3, Part 3, 2007: Online.
  • Franz von Bruchhausen, Hermann Hager, Wolfgang Blaschek, G. Heubl, G. Abel, Eberhard Teuscher: Hagers handbook of pharmaceutical practice, 5th edition, Springer, 1998 ISBN 3540616195, 9783540616191. Pterocarpus pp. 412-423: Google Books.
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