Purple sulfur bacteria
- Chromatiaceae
- Ectothiorhodospiraceae
- Halothiobacillaceae
The Chromatiales form an order within the Gammaproteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria are the species of this order Gram- negative. The two families Chromatiaceae and Ectothiorhodospiraceae form the purple sulfur bacteria: From sulfide form by oxidation sulfate.
Features
Many bacteria of this order have the ability to photosynthesize. They are anaerobic or microaerophilic, and are found in sulfur springs and deoxygenated water. Unlike plants or algae they do not use water as a reducing agent and therefore do not produce oxygen. Instead, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to elemental sulfur. Thus among the phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria. Types of Halothiobacillaceae family are not to gain energy through photosynthesis in the situation.
Types of Chromatiaceae and Ectothiorhodospiraceae can be distinguished from elemental sulfur formed by the oxidation of the small grains ( globules ). Representatives of Chromatiaceae store them within, types of Ectothiorhodospiraceae from outside the cell. The Ectothiorhodospiraceae, as well as the Halothiobacillaceae you find halophilic ( salt-loving ) and alkaliphilic species. Alkali Audiophile bacteria live in environments with high pH. The type Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila reaches the optimum growth at a pH between 8.5 - 10.0.
System
A list of the three families and the respective genera:
- Chromatiaceae Bavendamm 1924 Allochromatium Imhoff et al. 1998
- Chromatium Winogradsky 1888
- Halochromatium Imhoff et al. 1998
- Isochromatium Imhoff et al. 1998
- Lamprobacter Gorlenko et al. 1988
- Marichromatium Imhoff et al. 1998
- Nitrosococcus Winogradsky 1892
- Phaeochromatium Shivali et al. 2012
- Rhabdochromatium ( Winogradsky 1888) Dilling et al. 1996
- Rheinheimera Brettar et al. 2002
- Thermochromatium Imhoff et al. 1998
- Thioalkalicoccus Bryantseva et al. 2000
- Thiobaca Rees et al. 2002
- Thiocapsa Winogradsky 1888
- Thiococcus Imhoff et al. 1998
- Thiocystis Winogradsky 1888
- Thiodictyon Winogradsky 1888
- Thioflavicoccus Imhoff and Pfennig 2001
- Thiohalocapsa Imhoff et al. 1998
- Thiolamprovum Guyoneaud et al. 1998
- Thiopedia Winogradsky 1888
- Anil Kumar Thiophaeococcus et al. 2008
- Thiorhodococcus Guyoneaud et al. 1998
- Thiorhodovibrio Overmann et al. 1993
- Thiospirillum Winogradsky 1888
- Acidiferrobacter Hallberg et al. 2011
- Alkalilimnicola Yakimov et al. 2001
- Alkalispirillum Rijkenberg et al. 2002
- Aquisalimonas Márquez et al. 2007
- Arhodomonas Adkins et al. 1993
- Ectothiorhodosinus Gorlenko et al. 2004
- Ectothiorhodospira Pelsh 1936
- Halorhodospira Imhoff and Suling 1997
- Natronocella Sorokin et al. 2007
- Nitrococcus Watson and Waterbury 1971
- Thioalbus Park et al. 2011
- Thioalkalivibrio Sorokin et al. 2001
- Thiohalospira Sorokin et al. 2008
- Thiorhodospira Bryantseva et al. 1999
- Granulosicoccaceae Lee et al. 2008 Granulosicoccus Lee et al. 2008
- Halothiobacillaceae Kelly and Wood 2005 Halothiobacillus Kelly and Wood 2000
- Thioalkalibacter Banciu et al. 2009
- Thiofaba Mori and Suzuki 2008
- Thiovirga Ito et al. 2005
- Thioalkalispira Sorokin et al. 2002