Quercus kelloggii
California Black Oak ( Quercus kelloggii )
The California Black Oak ( Quercus kelloggii ) is a species of the genus of oaks (Quercus ). It is native to western North America.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance, bark and leaves
The California black oak grows as a deciduous tree that usually reaches stature heights of about 10 to 25 meters, in exceptional cases up to 36 meters and trunk diameter of up to 1 meter and sometimes about it. Single copies can reach an age of up to about 500 years to achieve. It typically forms a rounded canopy on a short stem.
The bark is smooth on young trunks yet, cracked on older trees and dark brown to black gray. The bark of the branches is red - brown and bare. The coconut - brown terminal buds are egg-shaped with a length of 4 to 10 mm; they are bald or the bud scales are ciliated at the edge.
The alternate and spirally arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The bald up tight fluffy hairy petiole is 10 to 60 mm long. The simple, ovate or broadly elliptical has a length of 6 to 20 cm and a width of 4 to 14 cm to wrong - ovate leaf blade five to eleven lobes with deep indentations and the leaf edge has 13 to 45 points. The main veins stand out on both leaf surfaces.
Generative features
The flowering time is in the spring, depending on the altitude between mid-March and mid-May. The California black oak is monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). At one-year branches hanging in the leaf axils, the male inflorescences, which have a length from 3.5 to 7.5 cm. There are five to nine stamens with bright - green stamens and bright red anthers in each male flower. At this year's shoots are in the leaf axils on a short shaft one or two to seven female flowers. The female flowers have dark red scars.
The one with a thickness of 1.3 to 2.7 cm and a diameter of 2 to 2.8 cm cup- deep bowl-shaped fruit cup ( cupula ) is outside hairy bald until fluffy and envelops the glans half to two-thirds. The over the winter on the tree lasting, fluffy hairy acorn ( nut fruit ), with a length from 2.1 to 3.4 cm and a diameter 1.4 to 2.2 cm oblong to broadly ellipsoid.
The chromosome number is 2n = 24
Occurrence
The home of the California Black Oak is located in western North America in the coastal mountain regions of the U.S. states of Oregon and California, south to the Mexican border reaching. The local area is about 3620 km ².
It thrives on slopes and valleys in the hills and mountains at altitudes 300-2400 m. As the site drier soils are preferred.
Botanical history and systematics
For the first time this species was apparently collected in 1846 in Sonoma (California ), but at first without getting a botanical name. 1857 named John Strong Newberry they Quercus kelloggii in Pacif. Railr. Rep., 6, 28, 89, f 6, which he honored Albert Kellogg, an early California botanist and physician. 1878 were brought to England acorns of California black oak from San Francisco.
Synonyms for Quercus kelloggii newb. are: Quercus californica ( Torrey ) or Quercus tinctoria var Cooper californica Torrey. Quercus kelloggii belongs to the section Lobatae in the genus Quercus.
Quercus Quercus agrifolia kelloggii forms hybrids with ( = Q. × ganderi CBWolf ) and Q. wislizenii ( = Q. × morehus Kellogg ).
Use
The wood is used among other things for the production of furniture and pallets as well as firewood.
The acorns were an important food source for native Indians in California; for many animal species they represent today in California a very important food source dar.
Swell
- Kevin C. Nixon: Quercus in the Flora of North America, Volume 3, 1997: Quercus kelloggii - Online. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)